新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区夏季鹅喉羚和蒙古野驴的生境适宜性和重叠性分析  

Habitat Suitability and Overlap Analysis of Gazella subgutturosa and Equus hemionus in Summer in Mt.Kalamali Ungulate Nature Reserve,Xinjiang

作　　者：陈艳秋 初雯雯 李基才 苏灿霞 撇力扎提·巴哈提别克 古丽娜·再努拉 黄文溥 初红军 CHEN Yanqiu;CHU Wenwen;LI Jicai;SU Canxia;BAHATIBIEKE Pielizhati;ZAINULA Gulina;HUANG Wenfu;CHU Hongjun(College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830002,China;College of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Nature Conservation Association of Altay Region,Altay,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 836500,China;Mt.Kalamali Ungulate Nature Reserve Management Center,Urumqi 830000,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生态与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆林业科学院森林生态研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [4]新疆阿勒泰地区自然保护协会,新疆阿勒泰836500 [5]新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区管理中心,乌鲁木齐830000 [6]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第3期264-273,共10页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：科学技术部第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1200);国家林业和草原局科学技术司林草科技创新发展研究项目(2022132017)。

摘　　要：新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区是国内鹅喉羚Gazella subgutturosa和蒙古野驴Equus hemio-nus分布最集中的区域,基于2022年夏季的样线调查数据,运用MaxEnt模型得出二者的适宜生境,计算其适宜生境的重叠度。结果显示,保护区内鹅喉羚和蒙古野驴的适宜生境面积分别为3934 km^(2)和4036 km^(2),占保护区总面积的26.85%和27.54%;对两者生境影响最大的环境因子均为距铁路距离、距水源地距离和最湿季度平均温度;生态位重叠指数D和Ⅰ分别为0.8279和0.971;两者适宜生境的重叠部分面积为2479 km^(2),分别占各自适宜生境面积的63.01%和61.42%。建议结合两物种重叠的适宜生境和水源地分布,规划区内的主要保护区域,并建立廊道以减少铁路对物种的影响。本研究结果可为卡拉麦里国家公园的区域规划及保护工作的开展提供参考。Distribution status of different main species in the same area should be considered in the conservation of a particular species.Mt.Kalamali Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang is the area with the most concentrated distribution of Gazella subgutturosa and Equus hemionus,and with the largest number of E.hemionus.There are few human activities in this area,which is suitable for habitat overlap research.Based on the transect survey data in the summer of 2022,the Max-Ent model was used to obtain the suitable habitats of the two species,and the overlap of the suitable habitats was calculated.The results showed that:(1)the suitable habitat areas of these two species were 3934 km^(2)and 4036 km^(2),accounting for 26.85%and 27.54%of the total area,respectively.(2)The environmental factors that had the greatest influence on the habitats of these two species were the distances from railway and water source,and the average temperature of the wettest season.(3)Niche overlap index D andⅠvalues were 0.8279 and 0.971,respectively,indicating that the spatial niches of these two species were highly overlapping.The overlap area of suitable habitat for both species was 2479 km^(2),accounting for 63.01%and 61.42%of the suitable habitat area,respectively.It is suggested that the main protection areas in the study area should be planned according to the overlapping suitable habitat and water source distribution of the two species,and corridors should be established to reduce the impact of railway on the species.Therefore,the result of this study can provide reference for the regional planning and protection of Kalamari National Park.

关 键 词：鹅喉羚 蒙古野驴 生境适宜性 物种分布模型 空间重叠 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]