浙江温州欧亚树麻雀消化道形态的年变化及季节性适应  

Annual Variations and Seasonal Adaptation of Digestive Tract Morphology in Passer montanus in Wenzhou City,Zhejiang

作　　者：王菁 徐馨怡 金鸿 吕康佳 西热措姆 柳劲松[1] WANG Jing;XU Xinyi;JIN Hong;LYU Kangjia;XIRE Cuomu;LIU Jinsong(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province 325035,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第3期294-303,共10页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32371573,30670324,31971420)部分资助。

摘　　要：2015年1—12月在浙江省温州市每月捕获10~12只野生欧亚树麻雀Passer montanus,通过测量其肌胃、小肠、直肠和总消化道的长度和重量,使用单因素协方差分析方法(体重为协变量)计算其年变化。结果显示,欧亚树麻雀总消化道长度保持相对稳定(P=0.874),而湿重(P<0.001)和干重(P<0.001)年变化明显,冬季明显高于夏季;肌胃、小肠和直肠的质量(湿重:P<0.001,干重:P<0.001)均为夏季最轻,冬季最重。面对食物资源和环境温度的季节波动,欧亚树麻雀的消化道形态发生了与之相对应的可塑性调整,这可能是对不同季节能量需求波动的重要适应。当能量需求增加(如低温和繁殖)时,欧亚树麻雀的消化道形态及容量会进行调节,以提高从食物中获取能量的效率。研究结果为进一步了解在以年为周期的时间范围内小型鸟类消化道的形态适应特征提供了基础数据。The morphologies of animal digestive tracts are correlated with food composition.In this study,the annual variations in length and mass of gizzard,small intestine,rectum and total digestive tract in Eurasian tree sparrow(Passer montanus)were measured.The birds were acclimated for 1 week in laboratory before experiments.The digestive tract(giz-zard,small intestines and rectum)of each bird was measured(±1 mm).These organs were then dried to a constant mass.The statistical significance of annual variation in gizzard,small intestine and rectum was assessed using One-Way ANOVA with body mass as the covariate.The results showed the length of total digestive tract in P.montanus was relatively con-stant(P=0.874).Significant seasonal variation was detected in the wet mass(P<0.001)and dry mass(P<0.001)of the total digestive tract.Moreover,the birds caught in winter had a heavier digestive tract than those caught in summer.The masses of gizzard,small intestine and rectum(wet:P<0.001;dry:P<0.001)in P.montanus were significanty higher in winter with poor conditions than those in summer with favorable conditions.P.montanus would increase the size and mass of the digestive tract to adapt to the increased energy demand and seasonal shifts of diet in winter.This suggested that the adjustments in the capacity and size of digestive tract might play a key role in digestive strategies of P.montanus in natural environment.This study provides basic data for further investigating the survival strategies of wild small birds.

关 键 词：欧亚树麻雀 消化道 年变化 表型可塑性 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]