四川唐家河国家级自然保护区3种大熊猫主食竹种群及营养特征差异分析  

Population and Nutritional Characteristics of Three Staple Bamboos for Ailuropoda melanoleuca in the Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan

作　　者：肖梅 郑维超 何芳 蔡丽君 谌利民[3] 李明富[3] 晋蕾[4] 邹立扣[4] 刘金平[1] XIAO Mei;ZHENG Weichao;HE Fang;CAI Lijun;CHEN Limin;LI Mingfu;JIN Lei;ZOU Likou;LIU Jinping(China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637002,China;Sichuan Institute of Giant Panda Science,Chengdu 610081,China;Sichuan Tangjiahe Natinonal Nature Reserve Administration Management,Guangyuan,Sichuan Province 628109,China;Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学,四川南充637002 [2]四川省大熊猫科学研究院,成都610081 [3]四川省唐家河国家级自然保护区管理处,四川广元628109 [4]四川农业大学,成都611130

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第3期308-316,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家重点生态功能区转移支付禁止开发补助资金项目。

摘　　要：以四川唐家河国家级自然保护区3种大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca主食竹(巴山木竹Bashania fargesii、缺苞箭竹Fargesia denudata和糙花箭竹F.scabrida)为研究对象,测定了其种群及营养特征。结果表明,(1)各龄级占比均为多年生>二年生>一年生>当年生>死亡竿,一年生的差异最大。(2)各龄级竿的基径和株高、叶和茎生物量表现出显著种间差异。(3)木质素种间含量差异最大,纤维素差异最小,巴山木竹木质素含量最高,缺苞箭竹纤维素含量最高。(4)脂肪含量种间无显著差异,巴山木竹脂肪和黄酮含量均为最低,巴山木竹和缺苞箭竹的碳水化合物含量大于糙花箭竹。(5)还原糖、粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量存在种间差异,巴山木竹竹叶中的还原糖含量最高,缺苞箭竹竹叶中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量最高。(6)糙花箭竹和缺苞箭竹的蛋白质含量显著大于巴山木竹,16种氨基酸中仅甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸和谷氨酸有显著种间差异。本研究结果丰富了大熊猫主食竹的基础资料,可为大熊猫栖息地质量评价、栖息地恢复竹种选择等提供科学依据。This study investigates the population characteristics and nutritional components of three staple bamboo species for Ailuropoda melanoleuca,Bashania fargesii,Fargesia denudata,and F.scabrida in the Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan.The results showed that(1)the age-class proportion of the three bamboo species was as follows:perennial bamboos>two-year-old bamboos>one-year-old bamboos>current-year bamboos>dead bamboos,with the greatest difference observed in the one-year-old bamboos.(2)Significant interspecific variation was observed in basal diameter,plant height,and the biomass of leaves and stems.(3)Lignin content exhibited the greatest interspecific variation,while cellulose content exhibited the least variation.B.fargesii had the highest lignin content,and F.denudata had the highest cellulose content.(4)There was no significant interspecific variation in fat content,and B.fargesii had the lowest fat and flavonoid contents.Both B.fargesii and F.denudata exhibited higher carbohydrate content than that of F.scabrida.(5)The contents of reducing sugars,crude fat,and crude protein varied among species.The leaves of B.fargesii had the highest content of reducing sugars,while the leaves of F.denudata had the highest content of crude protein and crude fat.(6)F.scabrida and F.denudata had higher protein content than B.fargesii,and notable interspecific variation was observed in methionine,proline,and glutamic acid among the 16 amino acids analyzed.This study enriches the fundamental data on gaint panda staple bamboos and provides a scientific basis for evaluating the quality of A.melanoleuca habitats and the selection of bamboo species for habitat restoration.

关 键 词：大熊猫 主食竹 生物量 营养成分 大熊猫国家公园 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] Q959.8