大豆株型与高光效育种的理论与实践——我50年大豆育种科学生涯(第一部分)  

The Theory and Pratice of Soybean Breeding by Ideal Plant Type and High Photosynthetic Efficiency-My 50 Years Experience in Soybean Breeding(PartⅠ)

作　　者：杜维广[1,2] DU Weiguang(Soybean Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang 157041,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157041

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第3期257-265,共9页Soybean Science

基　　金：“七五”“八五”“九五”期间“大豆新品种选育技术”攻关课题,第三层次“大豆育种应用基础和技术研究”;国家973计划:光合作用高效转能机理及其在农业中的应用(G1998010100)。

摘　　要：文章总结了杜维广从1975年到2024年从事大豆育种50年的研究经历,包括常规育种、高光效育种、理想株型育种、践行分子模块设计育种和全基因组QTL-allele设计育种(组合设计和基因型设计)新方法。本文系统总结了大豆株型与高光效育种的理论与实践,阐述了大豆植株是光能吸收的载体,从而株型与高光效关联;提出理想株型和理想型设计方案及其育种瓶颈,并对耐密大豆株型进行了探讨;提出高光效育种理念和技术路线及其高光效光合生理基础和高光效育种瓶颈。通过对30年高光效育种历程的总结,为从事大豆育种研究的科技人员作进一步研究提供参考。This paper summarizes Du Weiguang′s 50 years of research experience in soybean breeding from 1975 to 2024,including conventional breeding,high-light efficiency breeding,ideal plant type breeding,practicing molecular module design breeding,and genome-wide QTL-allele design breeding(combination design and genotype design)new methods.In this paper,we systematically summarized the theory and practice of soybean plant type and high light efficiency breeding,and expounded that soybean plants were the carriers of light energy absorption,so that plant type was related to high light efficiency.The ideal plant type and ideal design scheme and its breeding bottleneck were proposed,and the dense-tolerant soybean plant type was discussed.The concept and technical route of high-light-efficiency breeding,the physiological basis of high-light-efficiency photosynthesis and the bottleneck of high-light-efficiency breeding were proposed.By summarizing the 30 years of high-efficiency breeding,it provides a reference for scientists and technicians engaged in soybean breeding research for further research.

关 键 词：大豆 株型与高光效 理想株型和理想型 高光效育种 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]