新疆引进北方大豆种质苗期抗旱性综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Resistance at Seedling Stage of Introduced Northern Soybean Germplasms in Xinjiang

作　　者：吴玉成 田蕊 时晓磊 韩岱 刘兵强[3] 丁孙磊 山其米克[2] 严勇亮[2] WU Yucheng;TIAN Rui;SHI Xiaolei;HAN Dai;LIU Bingqiang;DING Sunlei;SHAN Qimike;YAN Yongliang(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Grain and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第3期274-284,共11页Soybean Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2022A03004);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZYYD2022C02);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2020E01005);财政部和农业农村部,国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES27);天山创新团队“大豆高产抗逆育种与超高产栽培创新团队”;新疆大豆产业技术体系(XJARS-04)。

摘　　要：新疆维吾尔自治区占我国约1/6的国土面积,但水资源却不足全国的4%,在气候变化与人类活动的影响下,新疆旱灾情况正逐年加剧。为了解55份新疆引进的北方大豆种质材料的抗旱性,筛选适宜新疆大田生产的优异抗旱种质,同时明确抗旱鉴定的适宜水分条件,本研究通过盆栽称重法精准控制水分含量,以土壤相对含水量≥65%为对照,在土壤相对含水量50%~60%、40%~50%和30%~40%等3个干旱胁迫条件下,测定大豆叶长、叶宽、叶柄长度、株高、茎秆直径、主茎节数、地上部鲜重、地上部干重等8个指标,计算各品种抗旱系数,使用主成分分析、聚类分析、隶属函数等方法对供试材料进行抗旱性综合评价。结果显示:主成分分析将8个指标归纳为3个综合指标;隶属函数对供试材料进行抗旱性综合评价表明D值分布范围为0.153~0.690;此外,聚类分析将55份供试材料分为5类分别为13份抗旱材料、12份中等抗旱材料、17份低敏感材料、7份敏感材料以及6份极敏感材料;筛选到东农豆253、黑农95、东普90、东生110等12份抗旱优异种质,这些材料为新疆地区大豆抗旱育种提供了优异亲本资源。Xinjiang covers about one-sixth Chinese land area,but it has less than 4%of the country′s water resources.Under the influence of climate change and human activities,Xinjiang′s drought situation is worsening year by year.The purpose of this study is to clear the drought resistance of 55 soybean materials introduced to Xinjiang,to screen elite drought resistant germplasms adapted to Xinjiang,and to find suitable stress for drought resistance identification.We measured their leaf length,leaf width,petiole length,plant height,stem diameter,main stem number,aboveground fresh weight and aboveground dry weight,under three drought stress conditions(relative soil water content 50%-60%,40%-50%,30%-40%)and well-watered condition(relative soil water content≥65%),which were accurately controlled water content via pot weighing method.The principal component analysis,subordination function method and cluster analysis were employed to evaluate the drought tolerance of soybean.The results showed that,eight traits could be summarized into three comprehensive indexes through principal component analysis.The D-value range from 0.153 to 0.690.A total of 55 varieties were classified into 5 categories,including 13 drought-resistant varieties,12 medium drought-resistant varieties,17 low sensitive varieties,7 sensitive varieties and 6 extremely sensitive varieties by cluster analysis.Twelve elite drought tolerance germplasms including,Dongnongdou 253,Henong 95,Dongpu 90 and Dongsheng 110 were screened,which provided theoretical basis and parent materials for soybean drought resistance breeding in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：大豆 苗期 抗旱性 主成分分析 隶属函数分析 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]