玉豆间作对大豆生长发育、产量、品质及群体经济产值的影响  

Effects of Maize and Soybean Intercropping on Growth,Quality Characters and Yield of Different Soybean Varieties and Group Economic Value

作　　者：林文磊 吕美琴 施迎迎 李明松 康蓉蓉 曾红英 LIN Wenlei;LYU Meiqin;SHI Yingying;LI Mingsong;KANG Rongrong;ZENG Hongying(Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Quanzhou 362212,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省泉州市农业科学研究所,福建泉州362212

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第3期342-351,共10页Soybean Science

基　　金：福建省星火科技计划项目(2020S0030)。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜在本地与玉米间作种植的大豆品种,促进玉豆间作技术的推广应用。本研究以3个福建省春大豆品种(泉豆7号、泉豆13号和泉豆17)及玉米品种金百甜15为材料,以2∶2大豆、玉米行比进行间作种植,以大豆单作和玉米单作为对照,在大豆不同生育时期,测定大豆单作和玉豆间作的大豆株高、叶绿素含量、干物质量,计算叶面积指数和茎占比,分析其变化规律与差异;大豆成熟后,分析大豆单作和玉豆间作的大豆农艺性状、产量及品质差异,计算不同处理下的产量、群体经济产值及土地当量比,分析不同间作组合间的差异,并对大豆农艺性状、产量及群体经济产值进行相关性分析,对玉豆间作模式进行适应性综合评价。结果表明:(1)大豆生育期间:株高在鼓粒期达到峰值,间作种植显著提高大豆株高(P<0.05),且均呈现泉豆7号>泉豆17>泉豆13号的趋势;叶绿素含量和叶面积指数均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在鼓粒期达到峰值,间作种植显著提高叶绿素含量,降低叶面积指数和大豆各个干物质重,同一生育时期的干物质总量均呈现泉豆13号>泉豆17>泉豆7号的趋势;大豆茎占比呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在开花期达到峰值,且均呈现泉豆7号>泉豆17>泉豆13号的趋势。(2)大豆成熟后:间作种植显著提高大豆株高和底荚高度,其中泉豆7号提高最多,泉豆13号提高最少,泉豆17表现居中;间作种植后,大豆主茎节数显著减少,有效分枝数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重均显著降低,其中泉豆13号减少最小,泉豆7号减少最多,泉豆17居中;间作种植显著改变了大豆籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量,其中蛋白质含量显著降低,脂肪含量显著提高。(3)间作种植均显著降低玉米产量和大豆产量,但均显著提高了群体产量,3个玉豆间作系统的经济总产值从高到低依次为泉豆13号/金百甜15>泉豆17/金百甜15>In order to provide theoretical basis for selecting soybean varieties suitable for intercropping with maize and promote the extension of maize-soybean intercropping technology.In this study,three spring soybean varieties(Quandou No.7,Quandou No.13,and Quandou 17)and maize variety Jinbaitian 15 in Fujian province were selected as materials,and the soybean-maize row ratio of 2∶2 was used for intercropping.Maize monoculture and soybean monoculture were treated as controls.The plant height,chlorophyll content,dry matter weight,leaf area index and proportion of stem of soybean were monitored at different growth stages of soybean monoculture and maize/soybean intercropping to analysis its changes rules and differences.Agronomic traits,yield,quality differences of soybean were analysis at mature stage of soybean in soybean monoculture and maize/soybean intercropping.The different analysis were carried out with the yield,economic value and land equivalent ratio under different treatment.The correlation analysis were carried out with agronomic traits of soybean,yield of soybean and economic value in maize/soybean intercropping.We comprehensively evaluated the adaptability of three maize/soybean intercropping system.The results showed that:(1)Among the mature stage of soybean:the plant height reached the peak at the seed-filling stage,and maize/soybean intercropping pattern significantly increased the plant height,and Quandou No.7 increased the most,Quandou No.13 increased the least,and Quandou No.17 was in the middle.The chlorophyll content and leaf area index increased first and then decreased,and reached the peak at the seed-filling stage.Intercropping significantly increased the chlorophyll content,reduced the leaf area index and the dry matter weight of soybean.The soybean total dry matter weight of the same mature stage of soybean showed a trend of Quandou No.13>Quandou 17>Quandou No.7.The proportion of soybean stem increased first and decreased then,which reached the peak at the soybean flowing stage,and all showe

关 键 词：玉豆间作 生长动态 农艺性状 品质 产量 经济产值 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]