庆历新政失败的主要原因:士大夫与天子“共治天下”的破裂  

The Main Reason for the Failure of Qingli Reforms:The Rupture of Scholar-Officials and Tianzi“Co-ruling the World”

作　　者：张希清[1] Zhang Xiqing

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系暨中国古代史研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第3期87-98,共12页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：庆历新政是宋朝士大夫与天子“共治天下”的一次可贵实践。其失败的主要原因,不是由于保守派势力强大,或由于党争,而是由于范仲淹、富弼等士大夫与宋仁宗“共治天下”的破裂。具体表现在宋仁宗认为范仲淹、富弼等士大夫是朋党,结党营私,朋比为奸;认为范仲淹“密请建立皇太弟侄”,捕风捉影地怀疑范仲淹、富弼等士大夫“欲谋废立”,企图废黜仁宗,另立皇帝;捕风捉影地怀疑范仲淹、富弼等士大夫勾结契丹和登、莱金坑无赖凶恶数万人,起兵叛乱,直接对仁宗的皇位和专制独裁统治构成极大威胁。如此,士大夫与天子“共治天下”必然破裂,宋仁宗不再支持范仲淹、富弼等士大夫实施庆历新政,庆历新政必然失败。Qingli reforms is a valuable practice of scholar-officials and Tianzi“co-ruling the world”in the Song dynasty.The main reason for its failure was not the strength of the conservatives.It was because of the breakdown of scholar-officials such as Fan Zhongyan,Fu Bi and emperor Renzong’s“co-ruling the world”.The specific performance is that emperor Renzong of Song thinks that Fan Zhongyan,Fu Bi and other scholar-officials are friends cliquing for personal benefit.He suspected that these people“wanted to abolish the establishment”,intending to depose emperor Renzong with Khitan and install another emperor,which is posing a great threat to emperor Renzong’s imperial throne and autocratic dictatorship.Therefore,scholar-officials and the son of heaven“co-ruling the world”will inevitably break,emperor Renzong of Song no longer support Fan Zhongyan,Fu Bi and other scholar-officials to implement the new deal of Qingli.Qingli reforms inevitably failed.

关 键 词：庆历新政 失败 主要原因 共治天下 破裂 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]