宋代大型市镇的兴起与县域空间格局的变化  

The Rise of Large Towns and the Change of Spatial Pattern of Counties Territory in Song Dynasty

作　　者：王旭 Wang Xu

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第3期99-106,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“中国历史上地方治理的实践及启示”(22VLS005)。

摘　　要：宋代时县以下出现大量的经济市镇,其中大型市镇的兴起引起了县域空间格局的变化,出现了“县不如镇”“类壮县”“敌壮县”等说法,这是极有意义的新现象。大型市镇的兴起分割了县治的客源商货和市场份额,挤压了其经济辐射空间,并对县治原有的经济地位造成了一定程度的冲击。大型市镇的经济优势还会延伸出政治优势,并引起县域政治空间格局的变化,出现了“一邑二令”的说法。大型市镇与县治的政治矛盾主要表现在司法权的冲突以及治安等行政资源的争夺两个方面。一些大型市镇的商税越过县治直接上交到州库,市镇官员的权力直接来源于中央或转运司,县治分派县尉、县丞、弓兵长期驻扎于市镇等因素,都在很大程度上影响了县域空间格局。In the Song dynasty,a large number of economic towns appeared,among which the rise of large towns changed the spatial pattern of counties territory,and appeared such expressions as“counties are inferior to towns”“like large counties”and“like developed counties”.This is a significant phenomenon.The rise of large towns divided the tourist source,commercial goods and market share of the county,squeezed its economic radiation space,and caused an impact on the original economic status of the county.The economic advantages of large towns will also give rise to political superiority,causing changes in the spatial politics pattern of the county territory,and there is a parlance of“one county and two magistrates”.The political contradiction between large towns and counties-seat is manifested in the conflict of judicial power and the contention for administrative resources such as public security.The commercial tax of some large towns crosses the county-seat and is directly submitted to the state treasury,the power of town officials comes directly from the central government or the transport department.The county-seat assigns county commandant,county magistrate,and archers to be stationed in the towns for a long time.All these factors has largely affected the spatial pattern of the counties territory.

关 键 词：宋代 市镇 县治 县域空间 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] K245[历史地理—中国史]