汉语的动后限制、曼德语的动前限制及“成分数量受限语序”  

On the Postverbal Constraint in Chinese,the Preverbal Ponstraint in Mande Languages and the“Quantitatively Constrained Word Order”

作　　者：周晨磊 Zhou Chenlei(Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言科学》2024年第3期242-252,共11页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：中国非洲研究院“中非语言类型研究”项目(CAI-J2020-08)的资助。

摘　　要：文章讨论汉语的动后限制及曼德语的动前限制:汉语在动词之后能容纳的句法成分和曼德语在动词之前能容纳的句法成分的数量均受限,呈现出和一般SVO、SOV语言不同的语序类型特征。汉语普通话的动后限制存在个别例外,但这些例外结构在使用上都受到种种限制。动后限制和动前限制均属于特定位置容纳成分数量受限的语序,简称为“成分数量受限语序”,区别于人类语言中常见的“定性语序”和“定位语序”。成分数量受限语序的提出及与定性、定位语序的区分将丰富对语序类型学的认识。The paper examines the postverbal constraint in Chinese and the preverbal constraint in Mande languages,i.e.,the number of constituents that follow the verb in Chinese and that precede the verb in the Mande languages,respectively,is limited,exhibiting a different word order type than ordinary SVO and SOV.Modern Standard Mandarin contains a few exceptions to the postverbal constraint,but their usage is restricted.The postverbal/preverbal constraint can be categorized as“quantitatively constrained word order”,in contrast to“quality-based word order”and“position-based word order”.The introduction of quantitatively constrained word order which is differentiated from the other two types of word order would enrich our understanding of the word order typology.

关 键 词：动后/前限制 成分数量受限语序 汉语 曼德语 语序类型学 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]