赣语莲花方言的指示词和指示词短语——共时描写与历时构拟  

Demonstratives and Demonstrative Phrases in Lianhua Gan:Synchronic Description and Diachronic Reconstruction

作　　者：胡小娟 Hu Xiaojuan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,South China Normal University,GuangzhouGuangdong200433)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学文学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《语言科学》2024年第3期286-300,共15页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：广东省社科规划项目(GD23XZY09);国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD297)的资助。

摘　　要：文章从共时和历时两个维度描写和解释赣语莲花方言指示词和指示词短语的特点。莲花方言有三个基本指示词,其中近指的■和远指的■既能用作个体指示词,也可用作处所指示词;[ku35]既能用作近指指示词,也有中性指示词的用法。莲花方言有指量名短语和定指处所定语结构(即“DemLoc-[ku]-Cl-N”)两个指示词短语,前者直接指称人或事物,后者通过指示某人或事物所处或关联的位置来迂回指称该对象。这些共时状态是历时演变的结果,不同时期的指示词和指示词短语的新老用法共存从而导致现代莲花方言中指示词系统呈现出复杂的状态。文章在揭示莲花方言指示词和指示词短语的特点的基础上探讨跨语言中指示词演变的共性与个性,以阐释共时描写与历时构拟、具体方言研究与跨方言/跨语言研究之间的关系。This paper examines the properties of demonstratives and demonstrative phrases in Lianhua Gan from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives.There are three basic demonstratives:[ku~(35)],■and■.Among them,■and■can refer to locations and also persons/objects;[ku~(35)]can be used as a proximal demonstrative and also a neutral demonstrative that does not encode the distance contrast.Besides the commonly used demonstrative phrase of“Dem_(Det)-Cl-N”across Chinese,Lianhua Gan also employs the definite locational attributive structure of“Dem_(Loc)-[ku]-Cl-N”.Different from the direct way of the former phase,the latter structure indirectly refers to a person/object by specifying the location where the person/object is situated.These synchronic states are the result of subsequent diachronic development.Both old and new uses of different diachronic stages remain in modern Lianhua Gan,making the synchronic demonstrative system quite complicated.This paper aims to explore cross-dialectal/cross-linguistic similarities and differences of the development of demonstratives on the basis of the full understanding of the demonstrative system of Lianhua Gan,and to provide a case study to illustrate the relationship between the synchronic description and diachronic reconstruction as well as that between studies on a specific dialect and cross-dialectal/cross-linguistic comparative studies.

关 键 词：赣语 指示词 共时描写 历时构拟 

分 类 号：H175[语言文字—汉语]