核壳结构多孔纳米纤维膜的制备及油水分离性能研究  

Preparation of porous nanofiber membrane with core-shell structure and study on oil-water separation performance

作　　者：王改改 刘让同[1,2] 徐薇仪 王慧萍 王钰程 Wang Gaigai;Liu Rangtong;Xu Weiyi;Wang Huiping;Wang Yucheng(Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191;Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced T extile Equipment,Zhengzhou 451191)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院,郑州451191 [2]先进纺织装备技术省部共建协同创新中心,郑州451191

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2024年第5期133-140,共8页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0309100)。

摘　　要：采用可生物降解的聚乳酸(PLA)制备多孔纳米纤维膜用于油水分离,以多孔PLA为壳、聚氨酯(PU)为核借助同轴静电纺丝制备PLA/PU同轴纳米纤维油水分离膜,改善力学性能,提高复用性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段考察膜材的形貌特征、力学性能和复用性。结果表明:PU的引入提升了纳米纤维膜的力学性能,PLA/PU14%浓度的同轴多孔纳米纤维膜可使油水分离效率达到94.12%;经油水分离后的纯PLA纳米纤维膜的力学性能与分离效率出现下降,而纯PU与PLA/PU纳米纤维膜却有所提高,使用5次后的PLA/PU14%分离效率最好,达到了94.72%。PLA/PU同轴纳米纤维膜有效提高了油水分离的分离效率和膜材的可复用性,具有良好的应用前景。Biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)was used to prepare porous nanofiber membrane for oil-water separation.PLA/PU coaxial nanofiber oil-water separation membranes were prepared by coaxial electrospinning with porous PLA as the shell and polyurethane(PU)as the core,improving mechanical properties and reusability.By using SEM,XRD,FT-IR,etc.,the morphological characteristics,mechanical properties,and reusability of the membrane materials were investigated.The results showed that the introduction of PU improved the mechanical properties of the nanofiber membranes,and the coaxial porous nanofiber membrane with PLA/PU14%concentration could make the oil-water separation efficiency reach 94.12%.After conducting oil-water separation experiments,the mechanical properties and separation efficiency of pure PLA nanofiber membranes decreased,while those of pure PU and PLA/PU nanofiber membranes improved.After five uses,the best separation efficiency of PLA/PU 14%was 94.72%.The PLA/PU coaxial nanofiber membrane effectively improved the separation efficiency of oil-water separation and the reusability of the membrane materials,showing promising application prospects.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 聚氨酯 同轴静电纺 多孔纳米纤维 油水分离 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业] TB383.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]