静电纺壳聚糖基纳米纤维的制备及其在水处理中应用研究进展  

Review on preparation of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers and their application in water treatment

作　　者：冯颖[1] 于汉哲 张宏 李可心[1] 马标 董鑫[1] 张建伟[1] FENG Ying;YU Hanzhe;ZHANG Hong;LI Kexin;MA Biao;DONG Xin;ZHANG Jianwei(College of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang,Liaoning 110142,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工大学机械与动力工程学院,辽宁沈阳110142

出　　处：《纺织学报》2024年第5期218-227,共10页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21406142);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2020-MS-230);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJ2020036)。

摘　　要：为提高壳聚糖的可纺性,改善壳聚糖基纳米纤维的物理形态和力学性能,对国内外利用静电纺丝技术制备壳聚糖基纳米纤维的相关研究进行了综述。介绍了壳聚糖静电纺丝液的配制要求以及不同纺丝参数对纤维形态的影响;在此基础上,详细综述了壳聚糖化学改性纳米纤维和壳聚糖共混改性纳米纤维的研究进展;最后,对应用壳聚糖基纳米纤维处理废水中重金属离子、染料和其它污染物的研究现状进行总结。研究发现:不同纺丝参数最终均是通过影响射流拉伸的难易程度来改变纤维形态,且通过化学改性和共混改性的方法不仅可提高壳聚糖的可纺性,还可增强壳聚糖基纳米纤维的耐酸性、热稳定性、抗菌性和吸附性;同时指出探寻新的溶剂、共混剂和功能材料以及与选择性分离技术结合来增强对水中污染物的吸附能力是壳聚糖基纳米纤维的未来发展趋势。Significance Chitosan is a natural polymeric alkaline polysaccharide derived from a wide range of sources,and its molecular chain is rich of reactive groups,which can be used as adsorbent in the field of water treatment.However,conventional chitosan adsorbents have the disadvantages of small specific surface area,poor stability and difficulties in secondary recovery,resulting in low adsorption rate and poor economic efficiency,which seriously limits the industrial applications.Chitosan nanofibers are functional biomass regeneration fibers with large specific surface area,high porosity,flexible surface function and certain strength prepared by a series of spinning methods with chitosan as the main component,and fibrillation of chitosan can significantly eliminate the defects in the conventional chitosan adsorbents.Fibers can be formed by various techniques such as electrostatic spinning,wet spinning and chemical vapor deposition spinning,among which electrostatic spinning is the most common method for preparing chitosan-based nanofibers with uniform morphology.This paper presents a review of domestic and international studies on the preparation of chitosan-based nanofibers using electrostatic spinning technology,aiming to provide guidance for improving the spinnability of chitosan and the physical morphology and mechanical properties of chitosan-based nanofibers.Progress In order to enhance the spinnability of chitosan and improve the physical morphology and chemical properties of chitosan-based nanofibers,researchers have carried out a lot of studies in the aspect of preparing chitosan nanofibers using electrostatic spinning technology,and found that the parameters of spinning liquid and process parameters of electrostatic spinning device are the important factors determining the properties of nanofibers.First of all,only the spinning solution with good viscosity and conductivity can make chitosan nanofibers with uniform diameter and good mechanical properties by electrostatic spinning technology.In recent years,

关 键 词：壳聚糖基纳米纤维 静电纺技术 重金属 染料 吸附剂 废水处理 

分 类 号：TQ340.14[化学工程—化纤工业] TQ342.86