石棉尾矿场地土壤污染地球化学特征及其对微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Asbestos Tailings Pond on Geochemistry and Microbial Diversity of Contaminated Soils

作　　者：李英钧 宋泽峰 杨悦锁 邓亚男 任弘宇 蔡奎 胡紫如 Li Yingjun;Song Zefeng;Yang Yuesuo;Deng Yanan;Ren Hongyu;Cai Kui;Hu Ziru(Qinghai 906 Engineering Survey and Design Institute,Qinghai Bureau of Environmental Geology Exploration,Xining 810007,China;Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;College of New Energy and Environment,Jilin University,Changchun,130021,China;Institute of Geological Survey,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;School of Water Resources and Environment,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省环境地质勘查局青海九零六工程勘察设计院有限责任公司,西宁810007 [2]河北地质大学资源与环境工程研究所,石家庄050031 [3]吉林大学新能源与环境学院,长春130021 [4]河北地质大学地质调查研究院,石家庄050031 [5]河北地质大学河北省战略性关键矿产资源重点实验室,石家庄050031 [6]河北地质大学水资源与环境学院,石家庄050031

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2024年第3期980-992,共13页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：青海省环境地质勘查局科学研究项目(KJ-01-20190626);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804800)。

摘　　要：为了厘清石棉对土壤环境的污染风险,为进一步治理及减缓石棉污染危害提供技术支撑,本文针对青海省祁连县小八宝石棉尾矿库矿区场地土壤环境中石棉组分和相关重金属元素的分布、空间迁移转化规律及其对土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响开展研究。结果表明:场地土壤中的主要矿物组成包括石英、斜绿泥石、蛇纹石、铁韭闪石、钠长石等,其中蛇纹石被确定为石棉的特征矿物;在典型垂向和横向剖面土壤中,不同来源的重金属元素质量分数呈现不同的空间分布特点,其中CaO分布趋势与蛇纹石矿物相关,土壤中重金属Cr表现出与石棉矿物相似的分布特征;在垂向和横向剖面的样品中Cr质量分数均超过建设用地风险管制值(二类用地78 mg/kg),特别是在石棉尾矿渣堆处Cr质量分数远超出建设用地风险管制值。石棉的环境胁迫降低了土壤微生物多样性,对土壤微生物群落结构造成较大影响。The asbestos composition and distribution,spatial migration and transformation of involved heavy metals,and their effects on microbial community structure and bio-diversity in the soil surroundings in the Xiaobabao asbestos tailings ponds in Qilian County,Qinghai Province were investigated in this study,aiming at understanding the risk of asbestos pollution to soil environment and providing technical support for further treatment and mitigation of asbestos pollution.The results of investigations showed that the major mineral components in the field soil include quartz,clinochlore,serpentine,ferropargasite and albite and so on.Serpentine was identified as the representative mineral of asbestos.The results indicated that different spatial distribution of variously-sourced heavy metals along both vertical and longitudinal profiles across the site;The distribution trend of CaO was closely related to the serpentine minerals along these typical profiles.The spatial distribution of Cr showed a similar pattern with asbestos;The mass fraction of Cr exceeded the risk control value for soil contamination of construction land(78 mg/kg),especially in the asbestos tailings slag where the mass fraction of Cr greatly exceeded the risk control level.The asbestos stress reduced bio-diversity of the local soil,leading to a great impact on soil microbial community structure.

关 键 词：土壤 石棉 矿物 重金属 迁移转化 分布特征 

分 类 号：P59[天文地球—地球化学] X142[天文地球—地质学]