生物质炭和氮肥对马尾松人工林土壤微生物群落结构和酶活性的影响  

Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity in a Pinus massoniana plantation

作　　者：陈健[1] 卢伟伟[1] 杜娅茹 张芳超 CHEN Jian;LU Weiwei;DU Yaru;ZHANG Fangchao(College of Ecology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生态与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第4期333-343,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41701264);江苏省自然科学基金(No.BK20190746);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(No.SJCX23_0349)。

摘　　要：研究不同裂解温度制备的生物质炭和氮肥对马尾松人工林土壤微生物群落结构和酶活性影响的差异,探究影响微生物群落结构和酶活性的关键土壤理化性质,为改良马尾松人工林土壤提供理论参考.以江苏省镇江市下蜀林场马尾松人工林土壤为研究对象,开展60 d的培养实验,设计对照(CK)、添加300℃生物质炭(BC300)、添加500℃生物质炭(BC500)、添加氮肥(N)、添加300℃生物质炭和氮肥(BC300-N),以及添加500℃生物质炭和氮肥(BC500-N)共6个处理.结果表明,相比CK,BC500和BC500-N处理的真菌/细菌比值分别升高了2.82%和3.54%(p<0.05),BC500处理的放线菌比例提高了7.94%(p<0.05),这表明500℃生物质炭增强了微生物对土壤难分解有机碳的分解.BC500、N和BC500-N处理分别降低土壤G^(+)菌比例5.14%、5.14%和5.24%(p<0.05),并且分别提高G-菌/G^(+)菌比值8.05%、4.74%和9.55%(p<0.05),这表明500℃生物质炭和氮可能缓解了土壤微生物的营养胁迫.N处理的β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)活性降低了37.5%(p<0.05).与CK相比,5个处理的β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)活性平均降低了52.7%和16.6%(p<0.05),并且BC500和BC500-N处理的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性降低了28.5%和27.0%(p<0.05),这表明高温生物质炭可能增强了土壤对微生物所需求的氮、磷的供给.各处理均提高了多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,这表明土壤微生物分解难分解有机碳的能力提高.冗余分析(RDA)表明,可溶性有机碳(DOC)和氮含量是影响微生物群落结构和活性的最重要土壤性质.综上所述,相比低温生物质炭,高温生物质炭促使土壤微生物群落朝向分解难分解有机碳,降低了微生物获取土壤磷的酶活性.氮肥提高了土壤G-菌/G^(+)菌,降低了微生物获取土壤碳和氮的酶活性.因此,高温生物质炭和氮肥同时施用可能最有效的消除了土壤微生物的N、P营养限制.本研究为深入研究土壤微生物生�The effects of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures and nitrogen fertilizer on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity were studied,and the key soil physicochemical properties influencing soil microbial community were explored to provide guidelines for soil amelioration.Six 60-d treatments were designed:control(CK),300 ℃ biochar(BC300),500 ℃ biochar(BC500),nitrogen fertilizer(N),300 ℃biochar and nitrogen fertilizer(BC300-N),and 500 ℃ biochar and nitrogen fertilizer(BC500-N) from a Pinus massoniana plantation in Xiashu Forest Farm,Zhenjiang City,Jiangsu Province.The results showed that compared with CK,the BC500 and BC500-N treatments increased the fungi/bacteria ratio by 2.82% and 3.54%(p<0.05),respectively,and the BC500 treatment increased the actinomyces by 7.94%(p<0.05).The results indicated that the addition of 500 ℃ biochar enhanced the decomposition of recalcitrant soil organic carbon by microorganisms.BC500,N and BC500-N treatments decreased the proportion of G^(+) bacteria by 5.14%,5.14% and 5.24%(p<0.05) respectively,and increased the ratio of G-bacteria/G^(+) bacteria by 8.05%,4.74% and 9.55%(p<0.05),respectively,indicating BC500 may alleviate the nutrient stress of soil microorganisms.The N treatment decreased the β-D-glucosidase(BG) activity by 37.5%(p<0.05).Compared to the CK,other treatments averagely decreased the activities of β-Nacetylglucosaminidase(NAG) and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) by 52.7% and 16.6%(p<0.05) respectively,indicating that biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased soil available nitrogen supply to microorganisms.The BC500 and BC500-N treatments reduced the activity of acid phosphatase(ACP) by 28.5%(p<0.05) and 27.0%(p<0.05) respectively,indicating that 500 ℃ biochar increased the availability of soil phosphorus to microbes.All the treatments increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO),which indicated that soil microorganisms were inclined to decompose recalcitrant organic carbon.The redundancy analysis(RDA) results showed that

关 键 词：人工林 生物质炭 制备温度 氮肥 土壤微生物 酶活性 PLFAS 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]