“乌昌石”城市群大气重污染演变趋势及新冠疫情对其变化的影响  

Evolution of heavy air pollution in “Wuchangshi” urban agglomeration and the impact of COVID-19 on its changes

作　　者：郑怡 马咏超 高可心 努尔麦麦提·艾尔肯 麦麦提·斯马义 帕丽达·牙合甫 吐尼沙古丽·乌拉依木江 赵金梅 代凌峰 阿不都拉·阿不都海力力 ZHENG Yi;MA Yongchao;GAO Kexin;AIERKEN Nuermaimaiti;SIMAYI Maimaiti;YAHEFU Palida;WULAYIMUJIANG Tunishaguli;ZHAO Jinmei;DAI Lingfeng;ABUDUHAILILI Abudulang(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052;College of Grass Industry,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业大学草业学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第5期324-338,共15页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(No.2022D01B90);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划-青年博士项目;新疆农业大学高层次人才培养计划项目;国家自然科学基金项目(No.21966029);中国博士后科学基金项目(No.2022MD713808);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室(北京大学)开放基金项目(No.22K02ESPCP)。

摘　　要：利用2015—2022年“乌昌石”城市群(乌鲁木齐市、昌吉州、石河子市、五家渠市)逐时大气污染物监测数据,分析了该区域大气重污染和6项常规污染物时空演变趋势及新冠疫情对其变化的影响.结果表明:(1)“乌昌石”城市群大气重污染天数的占比由2015年的6.6%上升到2022年的9.9%,增长率为50.0%,均出现在采暖期;优良天数的占比从72.6%上升到74.5%,但轻度-中度污染天数占比从20.8%下降到15.6%.研究期间,昌吉州、石河子市和五家渠市的大气重污染天数呈上升趋势,其中,五家渠市的大气重污染情况最为严重,其上升幅度为145.5%,只有乌鲁木齐市的大气重污染天数出现较大的下降幅度(54.5%).研究区域重污染过程次数呈上升趋势,总持续天数由2015年的21 d上升到2022年的27d,上升率为28.6%.(2)研究区域SO_(2)、CO、NO_(2)、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)等5项污染物在研究期间的日均和年均浓度整体呈下降趋势,但O_(3)的年均浓度整体处于上升趋势,研究期间上升了23.6%.研究区域占比较高的首要污染物是PM_(2.5)和PM_(10),每年在采暖期1/3以上时间内PM_(2.5)日均浓度超过国家二级标准(75μg·m^(-3)),而在非采暖期则以PM_(10)污染为主.除乌鲁木齐市外,其他城市颗粒物重污染天数在研究区间内呈波动上升趋势,其中,五家渠市颗粒物重污染天数最多(2016年达到64 d).(3)新冠疫情严格防控期间,大气重污染现象得到了明显的控制,2020年(第1次)疫情严格防控期与2019年同期和2021年同期对比,大气重污染天数分别下降了58.8%和50.0%;2022年(第2次)疫情严格防控期,大气重污染天仅出现在昌吉州(1d)和五家渠市(2d).第1次和第2次严格防控期的AQI值、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度相对于2019年同期分别下降31.3%、34.6%、35.0%和18.0%、21.5%、24.3%.两次疫情严格防控期间大气污染特征均显示为偏粗颗粒型,其中,PM_(10)的特征值较高,表明污染特征受扬尘和�Based on the hourly air pollutant monitoring data from the national air pollution monitoring site in the "Wuchangshi" urban agglomeration(including Lrumqi,Changji,Shihezi and Wujiaqu) during 2015—2022,the spatiotemporal evolution trend of heavy air pollution and concentrations of six criteria air pollutants were analyzed,then the influence of COVID-19 on the concentrations of pollutants and heavy air pollution were further studied.The results show that:(1)The proportion of days with heavy air pollution in the "Wuchangshi" urban agglomeration increased from 6.6% in2015 to 9.9% in 2022,with a growth rate of 50.0%,all occurring during the heating period.The proportion of good and moderate days increased from72.6% in 2015 to 74.5% in 2022,while the proportion of unhealthy for sensitive groups and unhealthy days has decreased from 20.8% to 15.6%.During the study period,the number of heavy air pollution days in Changji,Shihezi,and Wujiaqu showed an increasing trend,and the number of heavy air pollution days in Wujiaqu was the most serious,with an increase rate of 145.5%,while only Urumqi showed a large decreasing trend(54.5%).The number of heavy pollution processes in the study area is on the rise,its total duration of days increased from 21 days in 2015 to 27 days in 2022,with a increasing rate of 28.6%.(2)the daily and annual average concentrations of five pollutants,including SO_(2),CO,NO_(2),PM_(10) and PM_(2.5),in the study area showed an overall decreasing trend during the study period,while the average annual concentration of O_(3) showed an increasing trend,increasing by 23.6% during the study period.The primary pollutants in the study area were PM_(2.5) and PM_(10),and the average daily concentration of PM_(2.5) exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards(75 μg·m^(-3)) during the more than 1/3 of the heating period,while PM_(10) pollution was mainly presented during the non-heating period.Except Urumqi,the number of heavy particulate matter pollution days in other cities showed a fluctuating increa

关 键 词：大气重污染 新冠疫情 首要污染物 特征污染物 “乌昌石”城市群 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]