深圳市不同施工阶段建筑扬尘化学组成特征及健康风险评价  

Chemical compositions and health risk assessment of construction dust from different construction stages in Shenzhen China

作　　者：黄冠聪 黄晓波 颜敏 吴水平 李香 HUANG Guancong;HUANG Xiaobo;YAN Min;WU Shuiping;LI Xiang(Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shenzhen 518001;College of Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]深圳市环境科学研究院,深圳518001 [2]厦门大学环境与生态学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第5期351-360,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC0213906);深圳市环境科研专项项目(No.2018-01-0087-A1)。

摘　　要：采集并分析了不同施工阶段建筑工地PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的质量浓度和19种无机元素、8种水溶性离子以及碳成分(OC和EC)的组成,结果显示建筑工地PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的平均质量浓度分别为(99.0±51.7)μg·m^(-3)和(47.2±28.7)μg·m^(-3),质量浓度从高到低为土石方≈主体施工>桩基施工>一般建设,较环境空气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)分别升高(43.9±33.2)μg·m^(-3)和(21.7±14.7)μg·m^(-3).含量较高的元素包括Ca、Fe和Al,Cd元素富集明显;NO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)是主要的阴离子,Na^(+)、NH_(4)^(+)和Ca^(2+)是主要的阳离子;PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中OC/EC比值分别为6.1±10.4和3.8±1.7.不同施工阶段扬尘化学组成差异明显,主体施工阶段Ca和Fe含量较高,桩基施工、土石方和主体建设阶段NO_(3)^(-)、OC和EC含量高于一般建设阶段.与其它城市相比,深圳市建筑扬尘中的NO_(3)^(-)以及OC和EC含量相对较高,可能与工程机械排放相关.桩基施工阶段扬尘的重金属组分经呼吸途径引起的非致癌风险最大,Mn是主要的风险来源.This study sampled and analyzed the mass concentrations and chemical compositions including nineteen inorganic elements,eight water soluble ions,organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC) of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) from construction dust in Shenzhen.Mean mass concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were(99.0±51.7)μg·m^(-3) and(47.2±28.7) μg·m^(-3),and exhibited to be earthwork ≈ main building construction> pile foundation construction> general construction stage.Compared to ambient PM_(10) and PM_(2.5),the concentrations were elevated by(43.9±33.2) μg·m^(-3) and(21.7±14.7) μg·m^(-3) at construction sites respectively.In terms of chemical compositions,Ca,Fe and Al were the most abundant elements.The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest probably due to anthropogenic emissions.The main water soluble ions were NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),Na^(+),NH_(4)^(+) and Ca^(2+).The OC/EC ratios in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were 6.1±10.4 and 3.8±1.7 respectively.There were significant differences in the composition of construction dust from different construction stages.The contents of Ca and Fe were higher in the main building construction stage,while NO_(3)^(-),OC and EC were higher in the construction dust from earthwork,pile foundation construction and main building stage than those from general construction stage.Compared to previous studies in other cities,the contents of NO_(3)^(-),OC,and EC in construction dust were higher in Shenzhen,probably because of the construction machinery emissions.The highest non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals of construction dust via the inhalation exposure route was found from pile foundation construction stage,with Mn as the primary contributor.

关 键 词：建筑扬尘 化学组成 健康风险 施工阶段 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]