贵州万山汞矿区周边赤链蛇重金属富集特征研究  

Bioconcentration of heavy metals in Dinodon Rufozonatum around the Wanshan mercury mining area,Guizhou Province

作　　者：张晓东 卢志宏 王婷 杨传东 ZHANG Xiaodong;LU Zhihong;WANG Ting;YANG Chuandong(College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren 554300;Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University,Nanning 530001)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,铜仁554300 [2]广西农业职业技术大学,南宁530001

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第5期486-495,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：贵州省普通高等学校青年科技人才成长项目(No.黔教合KY字[2020]167);铜仁市科技计划项目(No.铜市科研[2020]127号);铜仁学院博士科研启动基金项目(No.trxyDH1909);贵州省重点实验室项目(No.黔科合平台人才[2020]2003)。

摘　　要：为了解贵州省万山历史遗留汞矿区及周边区域赤链蛇(Dinodon rufozonatum)重金属生物富集特征及污染状况,于2022—2023年期间在万山汞矿区周边区域道路收集路杀赤链蛇个体.通过分析不同区域赤链蛇组织(骨、肌肉和皮肤)中Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Se和Hg这10种重金属元素的生物富集差异,采用污染系数(CF)对不同区域重金属元素的污染程度进行评价,并结合相关分析和非负矩阵模型(NMF)识别重金属元素的来源及贡献.结果表明:各重金属元素在不同区域赤链蛇体内的富集特征存在一定差异,但不同区域赤链蛇体内Zn均具有相对最高的平均含量;Hg在万山汞矿区赤链蛇体内的平均含量显著高于其他3个地区,且对万山汞矿区、漾头镇和碧江湿地公园赤链蛇具有较高的污染风险,呈现轻微污染到极度污染等级;Mn、Cd和Pb在梵净山赤链蛇体内平均含量显著高于其他3个地区,呈现疑似污染到极度污染等级;As对万山汞矿区、漾头镇和梵净山赤链蛇均呈现轻微污染到中度污染等级,而Cr、Ni、Cu、Se和Zn的污染风险均较低.Zn、Mn、Cr和Ni主要富集在赤链蛇肌肉组织中,Cd、As和Hg主要富集在皮肤组织,Pb主要富集在骨组织,Cu和Se主要富集在皮肤和肌肉组织中.基于NMF的来源分析和相关分析结果表明,赤链蛇体内Hg和Se主要源于Hg矿开采活动,Pd和Cd主要源于交通运输,Zn、Cr、As、Ni和Cu主要源于自然活动,Mn来源于交通运输和自然活动等多种途径.总之,本研究结果表明,赤链蛇可作为重金属污染非常有用的指示生物,并且其皮肤具有较好的生物指示作用.To understand the heavy metal bioconcentration characteristics and pollution status of Dinodon rufozonatum in Wanshan,Guizhou,a historical mercury mine and surrounding areas,we collected road-killed Dinodon rufozonatum individuals from the vicinity of the mercury mine area in Wanshan in 2022—2023.In this study,we analyzed the differences in the bioconcentration of 10 heavy metal elements(Cr,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,As,Se,and Hg) in the bone,muscle,and skin of Dinodon rufozonatum from different regions.The contamination factor(CF) was collected to evaluate the degree of heavy metal contamination in these regions.Additionally,a combination of correlation analysis and the non-negative matrix model(NMF) was used to identify the sources and contributions of these heavy metal elements.The results reveal that there are variations in the enrichment of heavy metal elements Dinodon rufozonatum across different regions,while Zn consistently displayed the highest average content in all regions.However,Hg concentrates significantly higher in the Wanshan mercury mine area compared to the other three regions,indicating a high contamination risk for Dinodon rufozonatum in Wanshan,Yangtou Town,and Bijiang Wetland Park,ranging from slight to extreme contamination levels.Fanjingshan showed significantly higher average contents of Mn,Cd,and Pb compared to other three areas,ranging from suspectedly to extremely polluted.As presented slightly to moderate pollution levels of Dinodon rufozonatum in the Wanshan mercury mine area,Yangtou Town,and Fanjingshan,Cr,Ni,Cu,Se,and Zn posed lower pollution risks,and Zn,Mn,Cr and Ni were predominantly enriched in the muscle tissue of the Dinodon rufozonatum.Cd,As and Hg were predominantly enriched in the skin tissue;Pb was predominantly enriched in the bone tissue,and Cu and Se were predominantly enriched in the skin and muscle.Based on NMF and correlation analyses,our study reveals that the sources of Hg and Se in Dinodon rufozonatum are from mercury mining activities,while the sources of Pd and Cd pr

关 键 词：赤链蛇 重金属 生物富集 指示生物 万山汞矿 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学] X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]