血站的核酸检测与酶免检测平行筛查血液的应用分析  

Application Analysis of Parallel Blood Screening with Nucleic Acid Testing and Enzyme Immunoassay in Blood Stations

作　　者：巩春玲 GONG Chunling(Changchun City Central Blood Station(Jilin Provincial Blood Center),Changchun,Jilin130000)

机构地区：[1]长春市中心血站/吉林省血液中心,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《智慧健康》2024年第8期55-58,64,共5页Smart Healthcare

摘　　要：目的进行核酸检测与酶免检测平行筛查血液对血站的效果探究。方法本次选取本血站中收集的无偿献血者标本15427例,各样本进行平行筛查血液操作,检测技术包括核酸扩增技术与酶联免疫法,分析检查结果。结果经酶联免疫法筛查后乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙肝病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、艾滋病病毒1型/艾滋病病毒2型(抗-HIV-1/2)无反应性及仅1种试剂为反应性的标本共15329例;经核酸扩增技术检测的15329例,发现阴性标本15231例,阳性标本为98例,阳性标本检出率达到0.64%;酶联免疫法检测后,开展HB-sAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBe、HBeAg、抗-HBc等筛查工作,检测有52例属于阳性标本,确认阳性率达到53.06%;通过定量检测98例核酸扩增技术检测阳性标本,结果发现有43例为HBV DNA阳性,阳性率达到82.69%(43/52),结果未发现HIV RNA阳性样本、HCV RNA阳性样本。结论在血站血液筛查中应用核酸扩增技术检测、酶联免疫法检测平行筛查,可达到两种检测手段互补的效果,及时发现病毒阳性样本,提高血液筛查质量,降低病毒性疾病输血传播风险,保证血液安全性。Objective To investigate effect of parallel blood screening in blood stations with nucleic acid testing and enzyme immunoassay.Methods The paper chose 15427 samples of voluntary blood donors in blood station for study,with parallel screening blood operations for each sample,and analyzed test results with detection techniques of nucleic acid amplification technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results ELISA showed that 15329 cases were HBsAg(hepatitis B surface antigen),anti HCV(hepatitis C virus antibody),anti HIV-1/2(AIDS virus type 1/AIDS virus type 2)non reactive and only one reagent reactive.Nucleic acid amplification technology found 98 out of 15329 samples were positive,with detection rate of 0.64%.After enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)testing,screening work was carried out for HB-sAg,anti HBs,anti HBe,HBeAg,anti HBc,etc.52 positive samples were detected,with confirmed positive rate of 53.06%.Quantitative testing of 98 positive samples with nucleic acid amplification technology showed,43 cases were HBV DNA positive,with positivity rate of 82.69%(43/52).However,no HIV RNA positive samples or HCV RNA positive samples were found.Conclusion Nucleic acid amplification technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can achieve complementary effect for parallel blood screening in blood station,can detect virus positive samples timely,improve quality of blood screening,reduce risk of viral disease transfusion transmission,and ensure blood safety.

关 键 词：血站 核酸扩增技术 酶联免疫法 

分 类 号：R197.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]