《訄书·清儒》的学术史与思想史二重奏  

The Academic and Intellectual History Duet of the Article“Qingru”in Qiu Shu

作　　者：刘奕[1] Liu Yi

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期120-131,213-215,共15页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：重订本《訄书》所收《清儒》篇,是现代清学史的开山之作,已有研究大都采取单纯的学术史视角,而没有进入章太炎的思想体系之中,因此没有意识到,这篇文章不但体现了章太炎对清代学术史的敏锐洞察力,它更是一篇重要的思想文献。单讲学术史,此前研究也忽略了《清儒》中隐含的文学与经学、文士与经儒的对立叙事,如果由此视角进入,既可以观察到乾嘉以后学术的独立性和学者的专业化倾向,更会发现,章太炎借由强调这种对立,完成了对儒学与经学的裂分。由此章氏解构了政治性的旧儒学,而创造了一种历史性的新经学。而这一工作进一步的思想方向则是现代中国的文化再造问题。在这一意义上,章太炎是五四学人的先导。The article“Qing Ru”(“Confucianism of the Qing Dynasty”)in the revised edition of Qiu Shu(The Book of Urgency)is the earliest modern study on the academic history of the Qing dynasty.Existing research has primarily focused on the narrative of Qing scholarly history constructed by Zhang Taiyan and its significance.However,the value of this article goes far beyond this aspect.“Qing Ru”is in fact a crucial component of Qiu Shu's efforts to critique and reconstruct traditional scholarship and thought,and it serves as an important document for understanding the evolution of Zhang's thoughts.To develop a fresh interpretation of“Qing Ru”,one should consider the implicit narrative thread of the opposition between literature and academia constructed by the essay.Zhang used the degree of separation from literature as a criterion to differentiate between the Wu and Anhui schools of classical studies.He also concentrated on the conflict between literati and Jingru(scholars of classics)to construct a narrative around the formation of literary schools such as Tongcheng and Yanghu,as well as the former Han dynasty school of Confucian scholars.These two judgments have greatly influenced subsequent scholars and,more importantly,they reflect two significant facets of Zhang's thought.The first judgment reveals Zhang Taiyan's self-awareness in distinguishing between academic and literary language.This awareness is firstly a legacy of Qianjia School of classical studies,which Zhang then reinterpreted in a modern context.He believed that literary language was imprecise and incapable of accurately describing new phenomena and expressing new ideas.In contrast,academic language was capable of fulfilling this function and leading to the nation's revival.This formed the basis of Zhang's theory of language,developed under his ideology of racial preservation and national salvation.The second judgment,arguably more crucial,is the contention that the separation of literati and Jingru during the Qing dynasty facilitated the deve

关 键 词：章太炎 清儒 学术史 思想史 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] K092[历史地理—中国史]