牧草太空育种的研究现状与展望  

Space Breeding Opens up New Possibilities for Forage Breeding:Research Status and Prospects

作　　者：魏鹏[1] 郑文新 李有政 侯钰荣[1] 兰吉勇[1] 徐雪娇 李超[1] 康帅 柯梅[1] WEI Peng;ZHENG Wenxin;LI Youzheng;HOU Yurong;LAN Jiyong;XU Xuejiao;LI Chao;KANG Shuai;KE Mei(Grassland Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830057,China;Xinjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau,Urumqi 830004,China;College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,乌鲁木齐830057 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧兽医局,乌鲁木齐830004 [3]新疆农业大学草业学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草食家畜》2024年第2期15-20,共6页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养计划“三农骨干”人才培养项目(2022SNGGNT096);新疆天山英才计划“科技创新领军人才项目(团队)”(20221100619);新疆维吾尔自治区优秀博士后研究人员资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】牧草太空育种是近三十年来新兴的一种育种技术,具有变异多、变幅大、稳定快等特点,可缩短牧草育种周期。本文综述了太空育种的研究现状,分析总结了太空育种的原理、方法及可能存在的问题,以期为今后牧草太空育种提供更多参考和启发。【方法】通过Web of Science、Google Scholar、中国知网、百度学术等网站查阅了大量太空育种尤其是牧草太空育种的相关文献,并对文献资料进行收集、分析和整理。【结果】太空环境诱变是当今牧草育种重要发展方向之一,通过总结太空诱变技术在牧草育种中的应用,分析了牧草太空育种中面临的问题和挑战,展望了采用太空环境诱变创制牧草新品种的前景。【结论】太空环境诱变能诱发牧草基因组中的突变,增加其遗传多样性,从而创造出具有新特性的植物品种,对牧草类作物进行种质资源的创制具有重大意义,同时也为快速培育优良牧草新品种及特异种质资源开辟了一条新途径。太空育种技术为牧草育种开辟了新的可能性,有望成为未来太空农业的重要组成部分。【Objective】Forage space breeding is a new breeding technology in recent 30 years,which has characteristics of large number and extent of variation as well as fast stabilization,greatly shortening the forage breeding cycle. In this study,the principles,methods,existing problems and research status of space breeding were summarized for the purpose of providing reference and inspiration for the future application of forage space breeding.【Methods】Relevant literature of space breeding,especially forage space breeding,was queried through Web of Science,Google Scholar,CNKI,Baidu Academic and other websites,and the data were collected,analyzed and sorted out.【Results】Space environment mutagenesis is one of the important development directions in forage breeding. The application of space mutagenesis in forage breeding was summarized,the problems and challenges in forage space breeding were analyzed,and the prospect of creating new forage varieties by space environment mutagenesis was looked forward.【Conclusion】Space environment mutagenesis could induce mutations of the forage genome,increase its genetic diversity,and create plant varieties with new characteristics. It was of great significance to create germplasm resources of forage,and also opened up a new way for the rapid cultivation of excellent forage varieties and special germplasm resources. In summary,space breeding would open up new possibilities for forage grass and was expected to become an important part of the future space agriculture.

关 键 词：太空育种 牧草 诱变 传统育种 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]