基于生命历程理论的中老年人自评健康影响因素重要性分析  

Analysis on the importance of influencing factors of self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly based on the theory of life course

作　　者：马春芳[1] 汤榕[1] 杨晓花 史晓洁 MA Chun-fang;TANG Rong;YANG Xiao-hua;SHI Xiao-jie(School of Humanities and Management,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第9期1671-1676,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03233);宁夏区级本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目(bjg2023053)。

摘　　要：目的根据生命历程理论,生命早期家庭环境因素对个体健康存在着影响,了解生命早期家庭环境因素以及成年期其他因素对中老年人自评健康的影响及其重要性排序,为开展积极老龄化、健康老龄化提供参考。方法收集2021年中国综合调查(CGSS)数据中45岁以上人群人口学资料、社会支持、早期家庭环境因素资料,运用χ^(2)检验,二元logistic回归和随机森林模型,分析中老年人自评健康的影响因素及其重要性。结果4311例研究对象中,自评健康为不健康的2427例,健康的1884例;回归结果显示,年龄为60~79岁以及80岁以上、工作性质为务农以及没有工作、从不进行社交娱乐活动、个人社会经济地位为中层和中下层、父亲受教育水平为大专及以上的中老年人自评不健康率较高(P<0.05),BMI为正常和超重、不抑郁、家庭经济水平为平均水平和高于平均水平的中老年人自评不健康率较低(P<0.05)。影响因素按重要性得分排序依次是抑郁、家庭经济水平、工作性质、个人社会经济地位、BMI、年龄、社交娱乐活动频率、父亲受教育水平,得分分别为73.717、55.361、47.074、42.177、38.952、28.842、28.270和22.319分。结论影响我国中老年人自评健康的因素众多,抑郁状况、家庭经济水平、工作性质是影响中老年人自评健康的重要因素,应关注有抑郁倾向、收入较低、常年务农及没有工作等特殊群体。Objective According to the theory of life course,family environmental factors in early life have influence on individual health.The objective is to understand the influence and importance of family environmental factors in early life and other factors in adulthood on self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly,so as to provide reference for active aging and healthy aging.Methods The demographic data,social support,and early family environmental factors of people over 45 years old from Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data in 2021 were collected.Chi-square test,binary Logistic regression,and random forest model were used to analyze the influencing factors and importance of self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly.Results Among the 4311 subjects,2427 were unhealthy and 1884 were healthy.The regression results showed that the middle-aged and elderly people aged 79 and over,working in agriculture,not working,never engaging in social and recreational activities,middle-and lower-middle-level socioeconomic status,and fathers with college education or above had a higher rate of self-rated unhealth(P<0.05).The self-rated unhealthy rate of the middle-aged and elderly with normal and overweight,non-depression,average family economic level and higher than the average level of BMI was lower(P<0.05).The order of influencing factors was depression(73.717),family economic level(55.361),nature of work(47.074),personal socio-economic status(42.177),BMI(38.952),age(28.842),frequency of social and recreational activities(28.270),and father’s education level(22.319).Conclusion There are many factors affecting the self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly in China.Depression,family economic level,and the nature of work are important factors affecting the self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly in China.Attention should be paid to special groups such as depression,low income,perennial farming,and out of work.

关 键 词：中老年人 自评健康 影响因素重要性 随机森林模型 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]