Complexity of the Contexts:Features of Private Tutoring and Units for Comparison in the GCC Countries of the Middle East  

作　　者：Mark Bray Anas Hajar 

机构地区：[1]East China Normal University&The University of Hong Kong [2]Nazarbayev University

出　　处：《ECNU Review of Education》2024年第1期42-65,共24页华东师大教育评论（英文）

基　　金：supported by the Chinese Ministry of Education Project for the Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities,entitled"Cross-Boundary Curriculum Partnerships Between Schooling and Shadow Education"(Project number:22JJD880028).

摘　　要：Purpose:Private supplementary tutoringwidely known as shadow education because of the ways in which it mimics regular schooling-is increasingly visible across the globe.The Middle East is no exception,though the phenomenon has received relatively little attention in the English-language literature.This article maps some key features of shadow education,identifying ways in which contextual forces have shaped it.Design/Approach/Methods:The article focuses on patterns across and within the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC),namely Bahrain,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar,Saudi Arabia,and the United Arab Emirates.It draws on literature in both Arabic and English and shows the value of multipleunits of comparison.Findings:Private tutoring has a long history as a significant phenomenon in some GCC countries,but in others developed more recently.Some governments have had active policies to dampen the phenomenon,but with little success.Factors in the complex dynamics include social,economic andcultural forces.OriginalityValue:The article assembles literature from around the region,noting both commonalities and diversities among GCC members.It contributes to the global literature by providing the regional mapping from this specific part of the world and by showing comparisons with other world regions.

关 键 词：Cultural forces Gulf Cooperation Council Middle East POLICIES private tutoring shadow education 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]