不同追肥比例对土壤氮素迁移和夏玉米生长的影响  

Effects of different topdressing ratio on the soil nitrogen migration and the summer maize growth

作　　者：欧阳颖琦 陈雨 吴恺 路彬 马文恒 李艳 OUYANG Yingqi;CHEN Yu;WU Kai;LU Bin;MA Wenheng;LI Yan(Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《北京水务》2024年第2期43-49,共7页Beijing Water

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金-青年基金(BK20200941):“盐渍土秸秆深埋的水盐运移机理与模拟研究”;宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2022S097):“节水减肥提质的番茄水肥一体化关键技术及集成模式示范应用”。

摘　　要：为探索江苏地区玉米施氮的科学模式,以江玉403号玉米为研究对象,开展了不同氮肥追施比例对土壤氮素迁移和夏玉米生长影响的试验研究。夏玉米各处理施氮总量为250 kg/hm2,基肥为50 kg/hm2,在拔节期与灌浆期进行2次追肥,设置2次追肥的比例3∶7(T1处理)、7∶3(T2处理)和1∶1(CK处理)3个处理。结果表明:在干旱年份,T2处理相较于CK、T1处理能够显著降低夏玉米收获时20~60 cm土层硝态氮含量;T2处理的玉米穗长较CK处理提高9.3%(p<0.05);但不同追肥处理对夏玉米株高、叶面积指数、收获时地上部干重、穗粗、百粒重、籽粒产量及氮肥利用效率均无显著差异。综合夏玉米产量、氮肥利用效率与土壤硝态氮累积情况,确定江苏地区该气候条件下的推荐追肥比为T2处理。In order to explore the scientific model of maize nitrogen application in Jiangsu area,the effects of different nitrogen application ratios on soil nitrogen migration and summer maize growth were studied.The total amount of nitrogen applied for each treatment was 250 kg/hm2,and the base fertilizer was 50 kg/hm2.Topdressing was performed at jointing stage and filling stage,and the ratio of topdressing treatments were set at 3:7(T1 treatment),7:3(T2 treatment),and 1:1(CK treatment).The results revealed that the T2 treatment could significantly reduce the nitrate nitrogen content in 20~60 cm soil layer during summer corn harvest compared with CK and T1 treatment in dry years.The ear length of corn treated with T2 was 9.3%higher than that t CK(p<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in plant height,leaf area index,dry weight above ground,ear size,100 grain weight,grain yield,and nitrogen use efficiency for summer maize under different topdressing treatments.Considering the yield,quality,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation of summer maize,the T2 treatment was recommended as the optimal topdressing ratio in Jiangsu province.

关 键 词：土壤氮素 不同追肥比 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]