氢气微混燃烧技术研究现状和未来展望  

Research progress and future prospect of hydrogen micromix combustion technology

作　　者：莫妲 林宇震[1,2] 韩啸 马宏宇[3] 刘一雄 MO Da;LIN Yuzhen;HAN Xiao;MA Hongyu;LIU Yixiong(National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics,Research Institute of Aero-Engines,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engines,Beijing 100191,China;AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute,Shenyang 110015,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院航空发动机气动热力国家级重点实验室,北京100191 [2]先进航空发动机协同创新中心,北京100191 [3]中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,沈阳110015

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第7期31-57,共27页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：先进航空动力创新工作站(HKCX2021-01-021);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(501XTCX2023146001);航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心项目(P2022-A-II-006-001)。

摘　　要：氢燃料在航空发动机、空天推进系统和地面燃气轮机等领域的应用可以实现零碳排放,对于缓解全球气候变化和保护环境具有重要意义。但氢燃烧应用仍面临着许多技术挑战,若在传统燃烧室中燃烧氢气将面临回火和氮氧化物排放高的风险,需要探索新的氢燃烧技术和污染物控制措施,以满足氢能迫切发展的需要。微混燃烧技术通过成百上千个微通道结合氢气微喷射,使空气和氢气快速掺混,形成微小尺度火焰,缩短氮气在高温区的驻留时间到毫秒等级,可大幅度降低氮氧化物生成。本文回顾了氢燃料在燃气涡轮发动机中的应用发展历史,梳理了氢气特点、NO_(x)生成机理、微混燃烧原理、预混燃烧和扩散燃烧的掺混方式和头部结构特点,总结了国内外关于氢燃烧仿真和试验,以及热声不稳定问题的研究进展,讨论了微混燃烧室关键参数对气动热力过程和NO_(x)生成的影响,归纳了NO_(x)控制措施,为氢燃烧室工程设计提供理论和试验参考,并对氢燃烧技术未来的发展进行了展望。Hydrogen fuel has significant importance in mitigating global climate change and protecting the environment by achieving zero carbon emission in aviation engines,aerospace propulsion engines,and ground gas turbines.How⁃ever,the application of hydrogen combustion technology still faces many challenges.Hydrogen combustion in tradi⁃tional burners poses a risk of flashback and high nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))emission.Thus,it requires exploration of new combustion technologies and pollution control measures to satisfy the urgent need of hydrogen energy.Micromix com⁃bustion technology implements hundreds of microchannels combined with micro-injection of hydrogen to rapidly mix air and hydrogen to form small-scale flames.The residence time of N2 in the high-temperature zone is shortened to the level of milliseconds,significantly reducing the production of nitrogen oxide.This paper reviews the application history of hydrogen in gas turbine engines and the progress of hydrogen combustion simulation and experimental studies,summarizes the hydrogen characteristics,NO_(x) generation mechanism,micromix combustion principle,premixed com⁃bustion,diffusion combustion and dome structure characteristics,and discusses the influence of critical parameters of micromix combustors on aerothermodynamic process,NO_(x) generation and control measures,providing theoretical and empirical bases for the engineering design of hydrogen combustion chambers.Finally,the future development of hydrogen combustion technology is prospected.

关 键 词：氢气 微混燃烧 预混燃烧 扩散燃烧 NO_(x) 热声不稳定 

分 类 号：V231.2[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]