早熟陆地棉主要性状配合力效应及遗传参数分析  

Analysis of Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters of Major Characters in Mature Goss ypium hirsutum L.

作　　者：李海燕 吴晓东 赵丹 王天硕 闫烨 史鸿儒 徐敏 王子胜 Li Haiyan;Wu Xiaodong;Zhao Dan;Wang Tianshuo;Yan Ye;Shi Hongru;Xu Min;Wang Zisheng(Liaoning Research Institute of Cash Crops,Liaoyang,111000;Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center,Shenyang,110030)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省经济作物研究所,辽阳111000 [2]辽宁省农业发展服务中心,沈阳110030

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第10期3213-3223,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：农业生物育种重大项目“早熟抗病棉花新品种设计与培育”(2023ZD04041);财政部、农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系辽河综合试验站项目(CARS-15-31)共同资助。

摘　　要：选用12份不同来源的陆地棉为亲本材料,按照NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配置32 (4×8)份杂交组合,对亲本及F_(1)代的13个主要农艺性状和品质性状的遗传效应、配合力和杂种优势进行统计分析。结果表明,陆地棉杂交组合间存在显著的遗传差异。籽棉产量、皮棉产量、铃重、衣分、纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、伸长率同时受基因加性效应和非加性效应共同影响,单株铃数以基因加性效应为主,株高、始果节位、始果节高、整齐度以基因非加性效应为主;W1 (LZD)为大铃丰产亲本,L2 (辽棉43)为高衣分丰产亲本,W6 (19-ZHGC)、W7 (中91)为优质亲本,L2 (辽棉43)和W2 (新石K28)为各性状均表现较好的优良亲本;组合W1×L1 (LZD×辽棉38)、W5×L3 (惠远720×辽棉27)具有较大的育成品种的潜力;多数性状杂种优势明显,其中以皮棉产量和籽棉产量的竞争优势最大,分别达到15.5%和10.5%,纤维长度和断裂比强度平均竞争优势分别为5.7%、5.3%。由此表明,杂种优势利用可以有效提高棉花产量、改进纤维品质。12 upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum Linn.)varieties from different sources were selected as parent materials.32(4×8)combinations were formulated based on incomplete diallel cross NCII design.Genetic effects,combining ability and heterosis of 13 main agronomy traits and quality traits of parent and F_(1)were statistical analysis.Results indicated that there were significant genetic differences between different hybrid combinations.Seed cotton yield,lint yield,boll weight,lint percent,fiber upper half mean length,fiber breaking strength,micronaire value and elongation rate were affected by both additive and non-additive effects of genes,bolls of per plant was focused on additive effect,while plant height,position of first fruit branch,height of first fruit branch and fiber uniformity rate showed non-additive effects.W1(LZD)was a parent material with high yield and high boll weight,L2(Liaomian43)was a parent material with high yield and high lint percent,W6(19-ZHGC),W7(Zhong91)were high-quality parent materials,L2(Liaomian43)and W2(Xinshi K28)were the parental materials with better com prehensive characters.Combinations W1×L1(LZD×Liaomian38),W5×L3(Huiyuan720×Liaomian27)had greater potential for breeding new cultivars.Most of the traits have obvious heterosis,among which the competitive advantages of lint and seed cotton yield are the largest,reaching 15.5%and 10.5%respectively,the average competitive advantages of fiber upper half mean length and breaking strength are 5.7%and 5.3%,respectively.These results indicate that the utilization of heterosis can effectively increase cotton yield and improve fiber quality.

关 键 词：陆地棉 主要性状 配合力 遗传效应 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]