基因专利与种子使用权的法律关系  

The Legal Relationship between Seed Use Rights and Gene Patents

作　　者：韩瑞萍[1] Han Ruiping(Huanghe S&T University,Zhengzhou,452063)

机构地区：[1]黄河科技学院,郑州450063

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第10期3282-3287,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：河南省教育厅2022年民办普通高等学校学科专业建设资助项目(法学)(ZLG202204);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(220605618132950)共同资助。

摘　　要：基因专利通常覆盖改良后的作物品种,而这些品种可能包含特定基因,因此在使用受专利保护的基因进行种植时可能触及基因专利权。这可能导致农民在其传统的种植实践中受到限制,引发对农业社区权益的担忧。本研究对种子使用权和基因专利进行定义,强调其在农业和生物技术领域的关键作用。法律框架分析涵盖了国际和国内法对种子使用权和基因专利的规定,以及其历史演变,关联研究深入研究了这两者之间的交叉点,通过案例研究分析了法律上可能的冲突与争议。法律挑战与伦理考虑部分聚焦于探讨这一关系可能引发的法律和伦理问题,关注社会和环境方面的影响,最后并提出了潜在的法律变革和政策建议。通过本研究,期望能够深刻理解种子使用权与基因专利的法律动态,揭示其对农业、社会和环境的潜在影响,并为未来的法律研究和政策制定提供有价值的参考。The right to use seeds refers to the right of farmers to use,preserve,and freely exchange the seeds of the crops they cultivate.This right aims to ensure farmers'autonomous management of seeds,enabling them to maintain a certain degree of independence in agricultural production.Gene patents are a legal protection mechanism for biotechnology innovation,involving exclusive ownership of specific genes or genomes.This enables entities holding genetic patents to control the commercial utilization of related technologies for a certain period of time.There are potential legal conflicts and synergies between seed usage rights and gene patents.Gene patents typically cover improved crop varieties,which may contain specific genes,thus potentially touching gene patent rights when using patented genes for cultivation.This may lead to restrictions on farmers in their traditional planting practices,raising concerns about the rights and interests of agricultural communities.In recent years,with the rapid development of biotechnology and genetic engineering,the issues of seed usage rights and gene patents have attracted widespread attention.This study aims to explore the legal relationship between seed usage rights and gene patents in depth,focusing on the legal,ethical,and economic aspects of agriculture,and providing useful references for the improvement of relevant legal systems and the realization of sustainable agricultural development.

关 键 词：基因专利 种子使用权 农业生态系统 国际法 农业社会发展 

分 类 号：D997.1[政治法律—国际法学] D913[政治法律—法学] S324-05[农业科学—作物遗传育种]