施氮量对不同品种高粱光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Different Varieties of Sorghum

作　　者：张宇 高悦[1] 周紫阳[1] 王江红[1] 吕鹏飞[1] 唐玉劼 张洪友 王威[1,2] Zhang Yu;Gao Yue;Zhou Ziyang;Wang Jianghong;LüPengfei;Tang Yujie;Zhang Hongyou;Wang Wei(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling,136100;College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Yanji,133002)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所,公主岭136100 [2]延边大学农学院,延吉133002

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第10期3299-3305,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：科技部重点研发项目“春播早熟高粱高效绿色栽培技术研究与示范”(2019YFD1001705);吉林省现代农业产业技术示范推广项目“特色高粱谷子绿豆新品种及高效栽培技术示范与推广”(202205)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探索氮肥对产量、光合特性的调控效果,明确品种-氮肥之间的互作关系,揭示其生理机制,合理匹配氮肥施用量,提高作物产量。本研究以‘龙杂10号’、‘吉杂124号’和‘晋杂22号’高粱品种为试验材料,结合不同施氮量,对不同品种、不同时期高粱叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))以及收获产量进行测定,探究不同品种的最适施氮量。结果表明,各处理下P_(n)、G_(s)和T_(r)显著正相关,与Ci负相关或相关性不显著。‘龙杂10号’和‘吉杂124号’在一炮轰且氮肥为205 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高,分别为7 112.196和11 573.163 kg/hm^(2),与对照相比分别增长10%和30%‘;晋杂22号’在拔节期追施氮肥205 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高,为11 081.436 kg/hm^(2),增长25%。相同处理下产量总体表现为‘吉杂124号’>‘晋杂22号’>‘龙杂10号’。证明了施氮量和品种对高粱产量的影响,为品种布局、资源潜力挖掘以及制定高效绿色栽培措施提供理论支撑。In order to explore the regulation effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and photosynthetic characteristics,clarify the interaction between varieties and nitrogen fertilizer,reveal its physiological mechanism,reasonably match nitrogen fertilizer application amount,and improve crop yield.In this study,sorghum varieties of‘Longza10’,‘Jiza124’and ‘Jinza22’were used as test materials,combined with different nitrogen application rates,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and stomatal conductance(G_(s))of sorghum of different varieties and different periods,intercellular CO_(2),concentration(C_(i)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and harvest yield were measured to explore the optimum nitrogen application rate for different varieties.The results showed that P_(n),G_(s),and T_(r),were significantly positively correlated with each treatment,but negatively correlated or not significantly correlated with C_(i).‘Longza10’and‘Jiza124’had the highest yields when the nitrogen fertilizer was 205 kg/hm^(2),which were 7112.196 and 11573.163 kg/hm^(2)respectively,which increased by 10%and 30%respectively compared with the control;Jinza22 had the highest yield of 11081.436 kg/hm^(2)when topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 205 kg/hm^(2)at the jointing stage,an increase of 25%.The overall yield under the same treatment was‘Jiza124’>‘Jinza22’>‘Longza10’.The effects of nitrogen application rate and variety on sorghum yield were proved,which provided theoretical support for variety layout,resource potential mining and formulation of efficient green cultivation measures.

关 键 词：净光合速率 气孔导度 胞间CO_(2)浓度 蒸腾速率 产量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]