碱性降尘剂润湿煤尘及吸收硫化氢试验研究  

Experimental study on the wetting of coal dust and absorption of hydrogen sulfide by alkaline dustfall agent

作　　者：刘顺通 艾纯明[1,2] 高飞 穆效治[3] 范康 LIU Shuntong;AI Chunming;GAO Fei;MU Xiaozhi;FAN Kang(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Huludao,Liaoning 125100,China;Key Laboratory of Mine Thermo-motive Disaster&Prevention,Ministry of Educetion,Liaoning Technical University,Huludao,Liaoning 125100,China;Shanxi Jinshen Shaping Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Xinzhou,Shanxi 036500,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院,辽宁葫芦岛125100 [2]辽宁工程技术大学矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点试验室,辽宁葫芦岛125100 [3]山西晋神沙坪煤业有限公司,山西忻州036500

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2024年第2期307-317,共11页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51604138);辽宁省自然科学基金计划面上项目(2022-MS-395)。

摘　　要：煤矿井下的粉尘和硫化氢同属职业危害,严重威胁工人身体健康及煤矿安全生产.为实现尘毒高效共治,采用试验和理论分析相结合的方法开展研究.将表面活性剂和碱液(Na_(2)CO_(3))复合配制成碱性降尘剂,通过测定其表面张力、溶液与煤尘的接触角评估其润湿性能,并利用沉降试验验证溶液对煤尘的润湿效果.结果表明:质量分数为0.05%的仲烷基磺酸钠(SAS60)与质量分数为1.0%的Na_(2)CO_(3)的组合润湿效果最好,其表面张力值、接触角、沉降时间分别为26.45 mN/m、10.97°、6.94 s.通过自制硫化氢吸收装置,检验所配碱性降尘剂对硫化氢的吸收性能.试验结果表明:随着Na_(2)CO_(3)质量分数增大,溶液吸收硫化氢效率先迅速升高,后逐渐趋于稳定.综合润湿性能、吸收硫化氢性能以及煤矿应用成本考虑,最终确定碱性降尘剂的最佳组成为质量分数0.05%的SAS60和1.0%的Na_(2)CO_(3),其对硫化氢的吸收效率为87.67%.根据无机化学和界面化学理论,从降低溶液表面张力、增强固液界面作用和降低临界胶束浓度(CMC)3个方面阐明了Na_(2)CO_(3)的强化润湿机理.Coal mine dust and H_(2)S are both occupational hazards,which not only seriously threaten workers′health,but also affect the safety of coal mine production.In order to realize the co-treatment of dust and poison efficiently,the method of combining experiment and theoretical analysis is used to carry out research.The surface tension and the contact angle between the solution and coal dust were measured to evaluate the wettability of the alkali dust removal agent,and the wetting effect of the solution on coal dust was verified by sedimentation experiment.The results show that the combination of 0.05%sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate(SAS60)and 1.0%Na_(2)CO_(3)had the best wetting effect,and the surface tension value,contact angle and settling time are 26.45 mN/m,10.97°and 6.94 s,respectively.Through the self-made H_(2)S absorption device,the absorption performance of the alkaline dust precipitant to H_(2)S is tested.The experimental results show that with the increase of the mass fraction of Na_(2)CO_(3),the absorption efficiency of H_(2)S increases rapidly at first,and then gradually becomes stable.Considering wettability,hydrogen sulfide absorption performance and coal mine application cost,the best composition of alkaline dustfall agent is determined to be SAS60 with mass fraction of 0.05%and Na_(2)CO_(3)with 1.0%,and its H_(2)S absorption efficiency is 87.67%.According to the theory of inorganic chemistry and interfacial chemistry,the wetting mechanism of Na_(2)CO_(3)is defined from three aspects:reducing the surface tension of solution,enhancing the interaction between solid and liquid and reducing the critical micelle concentration(CMC).

关 键 词：碱性降尘剂 SAS60 硫化氢 界面化学 Na_(2)CO_(3) 润湿机理 

分 类 号：TD782[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]