量子行走波-粒相干叠加  

Quantum Walk Wave-Particle Coherent Superposition

作　　者：李硕[1] 张融 Li Shuo;Zhang Rong(College of Electronic and Optical Engineering&College of Flexible Electronics(Future Technology),Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院、柔性电子(未来技术)学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2024年第5期486-495,共10页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

摘　　要：通过理论计算与量子计算模拟机模拟两种方法研究了波-粒量子行走的演化过程与性质。通过量子控制操作使量子行走中的行走者处于相对相位的波-粒相干叠加态。利用后选择操作实现了量子行走以相干和混合两种不同方式,从多路径相干的波的状态到无相干的粒子的状态的连续调控。由于量子的干涉性,相干和混合两种方式存在本质的区别,通过位置方差对两种方式的具体特征进行刻画。最后通过量子计算模拟机模拟了波-粒量子行走的演化过程。当行走者处于波-粒相干态时,通过一次测量能够同时观测到两个完全不同的性质。通过调节波-粒相干态的相对相位,可以实现对行走者扩散速率的控制。Evolution process and properties of wave-particle quantum walk(QW)are studied by theoretical calculation and quantum simulator’s simulation.Quantum control can contribute to the realization of QWs in quantum wave-particle superposition state with a relative phase between walkers.The post-selection operation is used to realize the continuous transitions of QW from the state of waves with multi-path coherence to the state of particles without coherence in two different ways:coherence and mixing.Due to quantum interference,there are essential differences between coherence and mixing,and their specific features are characterized by position variance.We also demonstrate the coherent wave-particle QWs in the real quantum simulator.When the walker is in the wave-particle coherent state,two completely different properties can be observed simultaneously through one measurement.By adjusting the relative phase in the wave-particle coherent state,the diffusion rate of the walker can be controlled.

关 键 词：量子行走 相干叠加态 量子调控 量子模拟 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]