基于藻类荧光动力学的水体放射性核素快速监测方法研究  

Rapid Monitoring Method of Radionuclide in Water Based on Algae Fluorescence Kinetics

作　　者：谭小璇 甘婷婷 周蓉卉 殷高方 赵南京 汪颖[1,2] 盛若愚 叶紫琪 张瑞琦 黄旭昀 Tan Xiaoxuan;Gan Tingting;Zhou Ronghui;Yin Gaofang;Zhao Nanjing;WangYing;Sheng Ruoyu;Ye Ziqi;Zhang Ruiqi;Huang Xuyun(School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,Anhui,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology,Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,Anhui,China;Zhuhai Guangrui Huili Development Co.,Ltd.,Zhuhai 519000,Guangdong,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui,China;Sichuan Management and Monitoring Center Station of Radioactive Environment,Chengdu 610000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学环境科学与光电技术学院,安徽合肥230026 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院安徽光学精密机械研究所,中国科学院环境光学与技术重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]珠海广睿汇利发展有限公司,广东珠海519000 [4]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [5]四川省辐射环境管理监测中心站,四川成都610000

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第6期113-122,共10页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3200100,2022YFC3103901);国家自然科学基金(62375270);安徽省科技重大专项(202003a07020007,202203a07020002);中国科学院仪器设备功能开发技术创新项目(Y93H3g1251)。

摘　　要：放射性核素进入水环境所导致的水体污染问题一直备受关注。水体放射性核素毒性的现场快速检测是当今环境领域面临的重要挑战。针对此问题,将蛋白核小球藻作为受试生物,以三种典型放射性核素锶(^(90)Sr)、铯(^(137)Cs)和钴(^(60)Co)为研究对象,利用荧光动力学方法,研究了快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学(OJIP)曲线及最大光化学量子产率(F_(v)/F_(m),Fv是可变荧光,Fm是最大荧光)和光合性能参数(PIABS)对^(90)Sr、^(137)Cs和^(60)Co三种放射性核素在180 min短期胁迫下的响应规律与特性,从而明确了藻类荧光动力学技术应用于水体放射性核素毒性现场快速检测的可行性。此外,通过F_(v)/F_(m)与PIABS对三种放射性核素响应性能的对比,进一步优选出可用于放射性核素毒性灵敏检测的最佳光合荧光参数。结果表明:在暴露180 min以内,^(90)Sr、^(137)Cs和^(60)Co三种放射性核素均会破坏蛋白核小球藻的光合系统,引起OJIP曲线的显著变化,表明微藻荧光动力学方法能够用于水体放射性核素毒性的快速检测;F_(v)/F_(m)和PI_(ABS)对三种放射性核素的响应均具有活度浓度依赖性和时间依赖性,表明基于微藻荧光动力学方法所获取的F_(v)/F_(m)和PI_(ABS)均可作为毒性响应参数用于放射性核素毒性的检测和评估;根据基于F_(v)/F_(m)和PI_(ABS)所获取的三种放射性核素的20%效应浓度(EC_(20))和50%效应浓度(EC_(50))对比可知,PI_(ABS)相较于F_(v)/F_(m)对放射性核素毒性具有更灵敏的响应特性,因此PI_(ABS)是基于藻类荧光动力学技术实现水体放射性核素快速检测的最佳毒性响应参数。本研究为水体中放射性核素毒性的现场快速检测提供了重要的方法基础。Objective With the rapid development of nuclear energy and technology,more nuclear power plants are being built and operated worldwide.Due to the need for large amounts of cooling water,most nuclear power plants are located near coastal or inland rivers,which increases the risk of radioactive pollution in surrounding waters.Traditional detection methods of radionuclides in water often have some problems such as tedious detection processes and high detector costs.They also cannot reflect the toxic effect of radionuclides on organisms and do not meet the needs of in situ rapid detection of radionuclide pollution in water.Algae fluorescence induction kinetics technology has been widely used in toxicity detection of heavy metals,pesticides,and other pollutants in water in recent years due to its simplicity,rapidity,and nondestructive characteristics.However,it is still unknown whether the algae fluorescence induction kinetic technique can be applied to the field rapid detection of radionuclide toxicity in water.Therefore,we study the response rules and characteristics of algae rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic line and commonly used photosynthetic fluorescence parameters to the short-term toxicity stress of three common radionuclides.In this way,we determine the feasibility of the application of algae fluorescence induction kinetic technique to the field detection of radionuclide toxicity in water.Methods Chlorella pyrenoidosa,a common freshwater green algae,is used as the test organism,and three typical radionuclide pollutants strontium(^(90)Sr),cesium(^(137)Cs)and cobalt(^(60)Co)are studied.By using the fluorescence induction kinetics method,we study the toxicity response rules and characteristics of fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics(OJIP)curve,maximum photochemical quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m),where Fv is variable fluorescence,and Fm is maximal fluorescence)and photosystem II performance parameters(PI_(ABS))under 180 min short-term stress of ^(90)Sr,^(137)Cs and ^(60)Co.The feasibility o

关 键 词：荧光动力学 放射性核素 微藻 光合荧光参数 毒性检测 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]