植物性别决定基因及其表观遗传调控研究进展  

Research Progress on Plant Sex-determination Genes and Their Epigenetic Regulation

作　　者：罗兰莎 宋雯佩 化青珠 李大卫[2] 梁红 张宪智 Lansha Luo;Wenpei Song;Qingzhu Hua;Dawei Li;Hong Liang;Xianzhi Zhang(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院,广州510225 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园,武汉430074

出　　处：《植物学报》2024年第2期278-290,共13页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新项目(No.2021KJCX015);广东省重点领域研发计划(No.2021B0707010001)。

摘　　要：雌雄异株植物的性别决定机制是繁殖生物学、进化与生态学等多个学科的前沿热点问题。近年来,一些重要经济作物如芦笋(Asparagus officinalis)、猕猴桃(Actinidia spp.)和杨树(Populus spp.)的性别决定机制已被揭示,并应用于性别特异性产品开发和两性新品种培育。该文先从植物性染色体和性别决定基因两方面系统分析植物性别决定的遗传学基础,并深入讨论非编码RNA和DNA甲基化两类表观遗传调控途径在性别决定分子通路中的作用。在此基础上,提出后续有待开展植物性别决定基因间的比较研究,并深入解析植物性别决定中的表观遗传调控机制,以深化对雌雄异株植物性别决定分子机制的认识并扩展其在农业生产上的应用价值。The mechanism of sex determination in dioecious plants is a hot topic in reproductive biology,evolution and ecology,and so on.During recent years,the sex determination genes of several important crops,such as asparagus,kiwifruit,and poplar,have been revealed and applied to produce sex-specific products.New germplasms with bisexual flowers have also been developed for molecular breeding.In this review,the genetic bases of sex determination were systematically analyzed from the aspects of sex chromosomes and sex-determination genes in dioecious plants.Subsequently,the epigenetic regulatory roles of non-coding RNA and DNA methylation in plant sex determination were discussed.Finally,it was suggested that further comparative studies of sex determination genes among different dioecious plants should be carried out.More efforts are also needed to pay on the epigenetic regulations of plant sex determination.This work will not only facilitate to understand the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in dioecious plants,but also help to expand the application values of sex determination studies.

关 键 词：雌雄异株植物 性染色体 性别决定基因 非编码RNA DNA甲基化 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]