碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料气瓶电磁超声在线监测方法及失效机制  

Electromagnetic ultrasonic on-line monitoring method and failure mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material gas cylinder

作　　者：孟凌霄 石文泽 卢超[1] 黄良[3] 凌建 MENG Lingxiao;SHI Wenze;LU Chao;HUANG Liang;LING Jian(Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing,Ministry of Education,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;State Key Laboratory of Acoustic,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Key Laboratory of Safety of Hydrogen Energy Storage and Transportation Equipment for State Market Regulation,China Special Equipment Inspection&Research Institute,Beijing 100029,China;Sinoma Science&Technology(Chengdu)CO.,LTD.,Chengdu 611435,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学、无损检测教育部重点实验室,南昌330063 [2]中科院声学研究所、声场声信息国家重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国特种设备检测研究院、国家市场监管重点实验室(氢能储运装备安全),北京100029 [4]中材科技(成都)有限公司,成都611435

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2024年第4期1820-1829,共10页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2021MK168);中国特检院内部项目(2021青年10);江西省重点研发计划(20212BBE51006,20223BBE51034)。

摘　　要：氢能具有来源广泛、清洁无碳等优点,随着氢能源的广泛应用,氢能储运逐渐成为研究热点。目前,国家大力发展的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料气瓶已被广泛应用于氢能储运领域,然而气瓶在使用和运输过程中,容易出现纤维断裂、划伤,严重影响使用安全,故亟需发展碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料气瓶在线监测技术。针对复合材料气瓶的纤维断裂、划伤缺陷在长期、多次充放气过程中发生扩展的问题,采用电磁超声换能器(Electromagnetic acoustic transducer,EMAT)在线监测方法,并结合90TJ3-140 MPa水压疲劳系统,分别采用超声导波反射式和透射式方法,分析了纤维损伤对导波幅值的影响,并研究了含纤维损伤的气瓶在不同疲劳状态下的导波信号特征的变化规律。结果表明:纤维损伤会降低透射波幅值,且幅值减少量由纤维损伤程度决定;随着气瓶内压的增加,超声导波的声速和中心频率逐渐减小;长20 mm、宽0.5 mm和深1 mm的裂纹对应的缺陷波幅值呈先增大后减小的趋势,经过110 MPa、80次循环后,缺陷波幅值由19.33 mV减小至8.02 mV,声速减小了6.6%,中心频率从0.24 MHz减小至0.17 MHz,纤维完全分层;针对长20 mm、宽0.5 mm和深0.5 mm的裂纹,当气瓶内压由0 MPa增加至105 MPa时,直达波幅值由80.17 mV减小至20.08 mV,降低了75%;采用的电磁超声技术能够很好地解决碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料气瓶在线监测技术难题。Hydrogen energy has the advantages of wide source,clean and carbon-free.With the wide application of hydrogen energy,hydrogen energy storage and transportation has gradually become a research hotspot.At present,the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material gas cylinder vigorously developed by the country has been widely used in the field of hydrogen energy storage and transportation,but the gas cylinder is prone to fiber breakage and scratches during use and transportation,which seriously affects the safety of use,so it is urgent to develop the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material gas cylinder online monitoring technology.In order to solve the problem that fiber fracture and scratch defects of composite material gas cylinders will expand during long-term and multiple filling and venting,an online monitoring method using electromagnetic acoustic transducer(EMAT)was adopted.Combined with the 90TJ3-140 MPa hydraulic pressure fatigue system,the influence of fiber damage on the amplitude of guided wave was analyzed by ultrasonic guided wave reflection method and ultrasonic guided wave transmission method,and the variation of guided wave signal characteristics of gas cylinders with fiber damage under different fatigue conditions was studied.The results show that fiber damage can reduce the amplitude of transmission wave,and the amplitude reduction is determined by the degree of fiber damage.With the increase of the pressure inside the cylinder,the sound velocity and center frequency of ultrasonic guided wave decrease gradually.For cracks with length 20 mm,width 0.5 mm and depth 1 mm,the amplitude of the defect wave increases first and then decreases.After 110 MPa and 80 cycles,the amplitude of the defect wave decreases from 19.33 mV to 8.02 mV,the sound velocity decreases by 6.6%,and the center frequency decreases from 0.24 MHz to 0.17 MHz,the fibers are completely layered.For cracks with a length of 20 mm,a width of 0.5 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm,when the internal pressure of the cylinde

关 键 词：碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料 高压气瓶 电磁超声导波 水压试验 在线监测 失效分析 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TH878[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TK91[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]