下凹式绿地内气压变化及其对雨水蓄渗过程的影响  

The variation of air resistance in concave green spaces and its influence on rainwater seepage process

作　　者：黄琪琪 陈皑 曲丹[1,2,3] 王渝超 史鑫磊 HUANG Qiqi;CHEN Ai;QU Dan;WANG Yuchao;SHI Xinlei(Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution,Beijing 100083,China;Research Center for Source Control&Eco-remediation of Water Pollution,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学污染水体源控与生态修复技术北京高校工程研究中心,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第3期790-798,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：通过研究不同降雨、土壤性质条件下下凹式绿地土内气压的变化及其对雨水蓄渗过程的影响,从而对下凹式绿地的设计优化提供依据。研究发现,下凹式绿地土内气压的产生时间随土层加深逐渐推迟,表层土(0~10 cm)与中层土(10~30 cm)的气压峰值基本一致,底层土(30~40 cm)气压峰值降低,主要由于随着土层深度的增加土壤空气含量降低。下凹式绿地内的气压可分为潜伏期、攀升期、平滑期和缓慢下降期4个阶段。下凹式绿地土内气压受降雨强度影响显著。当降雨重现期由1 a增大到3 a时,土内气压峰值由697.8 Pa增加至1101.5 Pa。气压产生后影响表层积水下渗,当降雨重现期由1 a增加到3 a时,所需渗水时长由320 min延长至750 min,降雨重现期为5 a时所需渗水时长延长至960 min。土内气压随着土壤含水率的增加而增大,当土壤含水率由2.1%增大到19.3%时,气压峰值累计增长97%,稳渗期渗水速率由0.68 mL·s^(-1)降低到0.06 mL·s^(-1),60 min内的径流入渗量减少98.8%。植被覆盖层对下凹式绿地土内气压产生的作用较小。研究成果对提高下凹式绿地对于雨水径流的调蓄效能,提高低影响设施对雨水的吸纳、蓄渗和缓释作用具有指导意义。This article mainly studied the changes in soil pressure in concave green spaces under different rainfall conditions and soil properties and their impacts on the rainwater storage and infiltration process.The results showed that the air pressure in concave green spaces was generated later with deeper soil horizons.The maximum air pressure in the surface soil(0~10 cm)and middle soil(10~30 cm)was similar,while the maximum air pressure in the bottom soil(30~40 cm)decreased,mainly due to the decrease in soil air content as the depth of the soil layer increases.The air pressure inside the concave green space can be divided into four stages:latent period,ascending period,smooth period,and slow descending period.The pressure inside the concave green soil was significantly affected by rainfall intensity.When the rainfall recurrence period increased from 1 a to 3 a,the peak pressure in the soil increased from 697.8 Pa to 1101.5 Pa.The generation of pressure affected the infiltration of the water accumulated at the surface.When the rainfall intensity increased from 1 a to 3 a and 5 a,the required infiltration time extended from 320 min to 750 min and 960 min,respectively.The pressure inside the soil increased with the increase of soil moisture content.When the soil moisture content increased from 2.1%to 19.3%,the maximum pressure increased by 97%.During the stable infiltration period,the infiltration rate decreased from 0.68 mL∙s^(-1)to 0.06 mL∙s^(-1),and the runoff infiltration amount within 60 minutes decreased by 98.8%.The vegetation cover had a relatively smaller effect on the air pressure inside the concave green space.The research results can provide guidelines for improving the regulation and storage efficiency of sunken green spaces for rainwater runoff and enhancing the absorption,storage,and slow-release effects of low-impact facilities on rainwater.

关 键 词：下凹式绿地 土内气压 雨水径流入渗 入渗量 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]