市场结构、价格竞争与斯蒂德曼诘难——基于部门利润率动态变化视角的研究  

Market Structure,Price Competition,and Steedman's Challenge——Research Based on the Dynamic Change of Departmental Profit Rates

作　　者：卢江[1,2] 郭子昂[2] LU Jiang;GUO Ziang(New Era Technology Thought Research Center,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China;School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学新时代科技创新思想研究中心 [2]浙江大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《政治经济学季刊》2024年第1期72-91,共20页Political Economy Quarterly

摘　　要：斯蒂德曼诘难是指在联合生产情况下,劳动创造的商品价值存在负值的可能,因此劳动价值论和马克思主义基本定理是不能成立的,其基本假设是多种生产过程的并行、劳动的同质和不同过程间利润的平均化。本文认为斯蒂德曼诘难的一大错误就在于假定了两种生产过程的利润率的平均化,因为他所分析的两种生产过程属于同一产业,同一产业内部的两种生产过程的利润率不可能趋于平均化,相反,竞争会导致一种过程被排挤、淘汰。本文分别立足于完全竞争市场和真实竞争市场分析了这一过程。在完全竞争市场,能够带来更高利润率的生产过程能够脱颖而出;而在真实竞争市场,两种生产方式会通过价格竞争博弈出胜者。而无论是哪种市场,在竞争进行中都是由商品的社会必要劳动时间决定价值,在竞争结束后则是由获胜的生产过程的劳动时间决定价值,无论在何种市场和竞争的何种进程中都不可能存在负的价值和马克思主义基本定理不成立的情况。Steedman's Challenge refers to the possibility of negative value of the commodity value created by labor in the case of joint production,so the Labor Theory of Value and the Fundamental Marxism Theorem cannot be established,and its basic hypothesis is the parallel of multiple production processes,the homogeneity of labor,and the equalization of profits between different processes.This article argues that a major mistake of Steedman's Challenge lies in assuming the average profit rates of two production processes,as the two production processes he analyzed belong to the same industry,and the profit rates of two production processes within the same industry cannot tend to average.On the contrary,competition can lead to the exclusion and elimination of one process.This paper analyzes this process based on the perfect competition market and the real competitive market respectively.In the perfect competition market,the production process that can bring higher profit rate can stand out,while in the real competitive market,the two production modes will win the game through price competition.No matter what kind of market,the value is determined by the socially necessary labour time of the commodity in the process of competition.After the competition,the value is determined by the labor time of the winning production process.No matter what kind of market and the process of competition,there can be no negative value and the failure of the Fundamental Marxism Theorem.

关 键 词：斯蒂德曼诘难 利润率 市场竞争 真实竞争 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]