鬼笔属3种真菌的个体发育及形态观察  

Ontogeny and Morphology of Three Species of Phallus

作　　者：李政 程显好 刘宇 王建瑞 LI Zheng;CHENG Xianhao;LIU Yu;WANG Jianrui(Agriculture College of Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学农学院,烟台264025

出　　处：《菌物研究》2024年第2期158-165,共8页Journal of Fungal Research

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系食用菌产业体系(SDAIT-07-03);烟台市校地融合发展项目(2021XDRHXMPT09)。

摘　　要：为揭示鬼笔属真菌子实体各器官的发育过程和形态特点,采用石蜡切片法对驯化栽培出菇的超短裙竹荪Phallus ultraduplicatus、冬荪P.dongsun和红托竹荪P.rubrovolvatus不同发育阶段的菇蕾进行切片显微观察,结合菌丝、孢子和子实体形态比较3个种的个体发育及形态特点。结果表明:3个种的菌丝和孢子形态差异不明显,超短裙竹荪子实体的菌裙质地较薄、长约4 cm、带有不规则形状的网孔;红托竹荪的菌裙质地较厚、长约7 cm、带有圆形网孔;冬荪仅有1层薄菌幕。3个种的菇蕾内部发育顺序一致,最先发育的都是胶质腔,接着是子实层、菌柄腔、菌盖、菌柄、菌裙(菌幕);发育过程中菌丝形态经历从疏松到紧密、从交织状到组织状的变化过程;各器官发育完成的时间不同,在菇蕾直径相同的条件下,冬荪发育最快,在菇蕾直径为2 cm时,各器官基本发育完成,红托竹荪在菇蕾直径为3 cm时发育完成,超短裙竹荪的菇蕾发育最慢,在直径达到4 cm时各器官才能发育完成。为鬼笔类真菌的分类研究和亲缘关系探索提供了依据。In order to reveal the developmental process and the morphological characteristics of Phallus fruiting body,paraffin section was used as the method for microscopic observation of button(mushroom bud)in domesticated P.ultraduplicatus,P.dongsun and P.rubrovolvatus at different growth stages.Characteristics of hyphae,spores and fruiting bodies as well as strain ontogeny were investigated.Our results showed that no obvious morphological difference existed in the mycelium and spore among the above three species.The indusium of P.ultraduplicatus was thinner and about 4 cm long with irregular meshes.The indusium of P.rubrovolvatus,however,was thicker and about 7 cm long with circular meshes while P.dongsun had only a thin single-layer veil.Developmental patterns inside the button of three species were identical all showing an order of organ formation starting with colloid cavity first,then hymenium,stipe cavity,pileus and stipe finally followed by indusium(veil).During the developmental period of button,morphological changes of mycelium,from loose to compact and interwoven to organized forms,were observed.On the basis of button size,moreover,developmental speeds needed to complete each organ were different among the three strains.P.dongsun was the fastest one in which all organs had been basically developed when the diameter of its button reached to 2 cm.P.rubrovolvatus completed its organ development when the button diameter raised to 3 cm.P.ultraduplicatus was the slowest one that needed the button to grow up to 4 cm diameter size for its essential development of all organs.The above results will be certainly helpful for us to do the taxonomic studies and exploration of genetic relationship of Phallus fungi in future.

关 键 词：超短裙竹荪 冬荪 红托竹荪 菇蕾 石蜡切片 

分 类 号：Q949.325[生物学—植物学]