社会治理中惩戒不当联结的法治约束  

The Rule of Law Constraint of Punishment for Improper Connection in Social Governance

作　　者：刘权[1] Liu Quan

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第3期58-70,共13页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：连坐不符合现代法治理念,但认为当前社会治理中的所有“连坐”都不具有正当性,实际上是混同了惩戒和规制。对公民产生不利影响的行为并非都属于惩戒,也可能为规制。惩戒是对过去违法行为的制裁,对象只能限于违法行为人。规制是对未来行为的限制,对象可以包括违法行为人及其以外的相关主体。体现刑法、行政法等一体化社会治理的犯罪附随后果制度,目的不应定位为惩戒,而应是预防风险,所以犯罪附随后果可以不限于犯罪人。应合理配置不同位阶法律规范对惩戒和规制的设定权,并保障惩戒和规制的实施符合法律保留原则、不当联结禁止原则、比例原则等现代法治原则。为了从根源上消除社会治理中的不当联结措施,应加强对规范性文件的备案审查和附带审查监督。Collective punishment is not in line with the modern rule of law concept,but the idea that all the"collective punishment"in the current social governance is not legitimate is actually confused with punishment and regulation.Actions that adversely affect citizens are not always disciplinary,but may also be regulatory.Punishment is a sanction for past violations,and the target can only be limited to the violator.Regulation is the restriction of future behavior,and the object can include the offender and other related subjects.The system of collateral consequences of criminal conviction,which embodies the integration of criminal law and administrative law in social governance,should aim not to punish but to prevent risks,so the collateral consequences of criminal convictions cannot be limited to the criminal.The power of setting punishment and regulation by different levels of legal norms should be reasonably allocated,and the implementation of punishment and regulation should conform to the legal reservation principle,the improper connection prohibition principle,the proportionality principle and other modern principles of rule of law.In order to eliminate the improper connection measures in social governance from the root,the filing review and incidental review supervision of normative documents should be strengthened.

关 键 词：连坐 失信惩戒 犯罪附随后果 罪责自负原则 风险规制 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]