违法处理个人信息行政责任与民事责任的衔接  

Convergence of Administrative and Civil Liability for Illegal Processing of Personal Information

作　　者：黄智杰 Huang Zhijie

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100080

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第3期116-129,共14页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(21&ZD199)“社会信用体系的法律保障机制研究”。

摘　　要：个人信息处理者违法处理个人信息的行为可能同时引发行政责任与民事责任,有必要构建两种责任的衔接机制。在我国《个人信息保护法》的框架下,应将违法处理个人信息的民事责任限定在对个人民事权益的恢复与补救上,以此为基础展开行政监管与民事诉讼的衔接。为了促进个人信息保护水平的一致性、有效统筹公共执行与私人执行的资源与工具、吸纳信息主体协力参与数据治理,应推进“行政监管结论—民事诉讼结论”的前后衔接。在落实方式上,应当采用“引导行政先行”而非“强制行政前置”的整体方案:一方面,应在源头衔接维度运用制度激励与信息提示手段,推动个人信息主体选择“后继诉讼”;另一方面,在监管部门未得出处理结论而个人信息主体直接提起“独立诉讼”时,应在过程衔接维度促进行政监管与民事诉讼间的信息交互与程序协调。Illegal processing of personal information may give rise to both administrative and civil liability.It is necessary to construct a mechanism to bridge the two types of liability.Under the framework of China's Personal Information Protection Law,the civil liability for illegal processing of personal information should be limited to restoring and remedying civil rights and interests of individuals,and the convergence between administrative supervision and infringement litigation should be aligned with such division of labor.In order to promote consistency in the level of personal information protection,effectively coordinate resources and tools for public and private enforcement,and actively involve individuals in collaborated data governance,the coordination of decisions should follow a sequence of“administrative regulation-infringement lawsuit”.To achieve that end,an overall plan of“guiding preliminary administrative procedure”rather than“mandatory prepositive administrative procedure”should be adopted.On the one hand,institutional incentives and information prompts should be used in the dimension of source articulation to promote individuals to file a“subsequent litigation”.On the other hand,if regulatory agencies have not made a decision but individuals file an“independent lawsuit”,the information communication and procedural coordination between the administrative regulation and the civil litigation should be promoted from the process connection dimension.

关 键 词：公共执行 私人执行 国家保护义务 个人信息保护 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]