《对外关系法》与合宪性审查制度的新发展  

Foreign Relations Law and the Development of Constitutional Review System

作　　者：莫纪宏[1] MO Jihong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《法学评论》2024年第3期1-10,共10页Law Review

基　　金：中国社会科学院2023年重大创新项目“全面依法治国总体格局基本形成研究”(项目编号:2023YZD021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2023年6月28日,十四届全国人大常委会第三次会议审议通过的《中华人民共和国对外关系法》第30条第2款明确规定“国家缔结或者参加的条约和协定不得同宪法相抵触”,这是我国法律文本首次明确条约与宪法之间的效力关系以及真正在制定法规则体系中确立了“宪法至上”原则。根据《对外关系法》的相关规定,新修订的《中华人民共和国立法法》所确立的以全国人大常委会行使合宪性审查职权为核心的合宪性审查制度,不仅使得审查对象的范围得到了拓展,更重要的是合宪性审查有了新的法律依据。宪法规定、宪法原则和宪法精神可以成为合宪性审查的确定性标准。因此,《对外关系法》的正式实施为我国合宪性审查制度注入了新活力,使得作为国家根本法的宪法在制定法规则体系中获得了最高的法律权威,有助于推动宪法实施,维护宪法权威。On June 28,2023,the Third Session of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress reviewed and approved the Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China,Article 30,Paragraph 2of which clearly stipulates that"treaties and agreements concluded or participated in by the state shall not conflict with the Constitution."This is the first time that Chinese legal texts have clarified the effectiveness relationship between treaties and the Constitution,and truly established the principle of"constitutional supremacy"in the system of formulating legal rules.According to the relevant provisions of the Foreign Relations Law,the newly revised Legislative Law of the People's Republic of China establishes a constitutional review system with the exercise of constitutional review powers by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress as the core,which not only expands the scope of constitutional review objects,but more importantly,provides new legal basis for constitutional review.The Legislative Law stipulates that the principles and spirit of the Constitution can serve as definitive standards for constitutional review.Therefore,the formal implementation of the Foreign Relations Law has injected new vitality into China's constitutional review system,enabling the Constitution,as the fundamental law of the country,to gain the highest legal authority in the system of formulating legal rules,which helps to promote the implementation of the Constitution and maintain its authority.

关 键 词：《对外关系法》 《立法法》 条约 宪法至上原则 合宪性审查 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.13[政治法律—法学]