平台规则效力判定标准的重构  

Reconstructing the Standard of Platform Rules Validity Judgment

作　　者：黄绍坤 HUANG Shaokun

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2024年第3期110-120,共11页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国资本市场制度型开放的法律体系构建研究”(项目编号:22&ZD204);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“国家数字法学视域下私权力研究”(项目编号:23FFXB034)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：平台规则是平台治理的依托,通过对其效力的控制,可以有效保障用户利益,优化平台生态。现有立法和司法实践关于平台规则效力的判定标准存在认知错误,难以应对网络新问题和实现平台治理优化,需要予以重构。在数字空间,受平台公共属性强化、平台组织化、社会关系与平台规则相互嵌入、平台规则具备强制履行性等因素影响,平台规则已经成为嵌入算法的新型规则,处于合同与法律的过渡地带,特征更趋向规范性文件。平台规则的效力判断不能直接套用格式条款效力判断规范,而应有限借鉴行政规范性文件等的效力判断标准,从主体权限、程序、实体内容三方面加以考察。当平台规则“权限”越位,违反制定、修改、提示程序,或内容违反强制性法律规定、赋权均衡原则、比例原则、非歧视原则时,相应条款应属无效。Platform rules are the basis of platform governance.By controlling their effectiveness,users'interests can be effectively protected and platform ecology can be optimized.However,there are cognitive errors in the existing legislation and judicial practice regarding the validity criteria of platform rules,which are difficult to deal with new network problems and realize the optimal governance of platform,and need to be reconstructed.In the digital space,platform rules have become a new type of embedded algorithm due to the factors such as the strengthening of platform public attributes,platform organization,mutual embedding of social relations and platform rules,and enforceability of platform rules.It is in the transitional zone between contract and law,and its characteristics tend to be normative documents.Therefore,the validity judgment of platform rules can not be directly applied to the validity judgment norms of standard clauses,but should draw limited reference from the validity judgment standards such as administrative normative documents,and examine from three aspects:subject authority,procedure and entity content.When the"authority"of the platform rules is offside,or violates the formulation,modification,and reminder procedures,or the content violates the mandatory legal provisions,the principle of empowerment balance,the principle of proportionality,and the principle of non-discrimination,the corresponding provisions shall be invalid.

关 键 词：平台规则 效力判断 格式条款 私权力 司法审查 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] D921[政治法律—法学]