论商业贿赂行为的类型化处理——兼论《反不正当竞争法》相关条款的修订  

On Classified Processing of Commercial Bribery——Also Discuss on the Revision of Relevant Provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

作　　者：侯利阳[1] Hou Liyang

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第5期161-177,共17页Law Science

摘　　要：《反不正当竞争法》对于商业贿赂的定义存在同义反复,导致执法实践中乱象频发。2022年《反不正当竞争法(修订草案)》不但未回应此问题,甚至还将更为含糊的“交易相对方”纳入了受贿主体的范畴。明晰商业贿赂定义的关键在于通过执法实践探究该行为在不同场景中的侵害客体。以相关执法案件为基础,可将商业贿赂作类型化处理,分为代理人型商业贿赂、非代理人型商业贿赂和账外暗中型商业贿赂三类。代理人型商业贿赂的核心侵害客体为代理人忠诚义务,在例外情形中辅以侵害竞争秩序。非代理人型商业贿赂虽是通过秘密推销来侵犯消费者对秘密推销方的信赖关系,但不宜将之直接认定为违法,而应设置信息披露的前置义务。将账外暗中型商业贿赂认定违法属于执法实践中的便宜处理,但是,账外暗中是实施商业贿赂的必要而非充分条件,故而应将其与商业贿赂的关系设定为可反驳的法律推定。The tautology problem in the definition of commercial bribery under Anti-unfair Competition Law results into chaotic enforcement in the practice.However,the draft Anti-unfair Competition Law published in 2022 did not solve those problems,and added into the scope of bribees the more ambiguous concept of transaction parties.The key to solving those problems lies in clarifying the infringed object of commercial bribery based on the past enforcement.The review of the enforcement demonstrates three types of commercial bribery cases,agent bribery,non-agent bribery and false-accounting bribery.Agent bribery infringes agents'fidelity,as well as competition order in exceptional cases.Non-agent bribery infringes the trust of consumers through stealth marketing.Nevertheless,it is not feasible to directly regard nonagent bribery as illegal,but to set information disclosure as the preliminary obligation.It is a legal fiction to treat false-accounting bribery as illegal.However,false accounting,though a necessary condition,is not a sufficient condition for commercial bribery.Consequently,a rebuttable presumption should be established between false accounting and commercial bribery.

关 键 词：商业贿赂 代理人忠诚义务 秘密推销 账外暗中 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]