病有所医、病无所恐:我国农村合作医疗制度发展历程、运行逻辑与未来进路  

China's Continuous Exploration to Solve the Rural People's Problem of"Have Access to Medical Care and Have No Fear of Illness"——The Development History,Operational Logic and Future Progress of New China's Rural Cooperative Medical Care System

作　　者：周巍 尚樱之 Zhou Wei;Shang Yingzhi(School of Politics and Public Administration,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830000)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学政治与公共管理学院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《甘肃行政学院学报》2024年第1期28-38,125,共12页Journal of Gansu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家级创新训练计划一般项目“保障果业产出的特殊农业公共服务研究”(GJCXXL-202310755118);国家社会科学基金西部项目“‘兴边富民’行动推进边疆治理现代化的作用机制与实现路径研究”(23XMZ062)。

摘　　要：新中国成立70多年来,国家一直在探索如何更好地为农村人口供给可负担、高质量的医疗保障,在经历了从传统农村合作医疗到新型农村合作医疗的不间断探索后,形成了中国特色社会主义制度下的农民医疗保障全覆盖模式,这种连续性、从未间断的合作医疗形成了新中国治理变迁的独特经验,是形成国家发展的“中国奇迹”的一种基础保障力量。以历史变迁的长镜头观之,我国合作医疗历经了从“集体福利”“个体消费”“民生服务”走向基本公共服务均等化的实践轨迹,各个阶段都努力在现实需求与资源约束的矛盾运动下最大限度保证农民群众“人人看得起病”。为了在更高水平上保障农民“病有所医、病无所恐”,未来需要继续大力推动城乡居民基本医疗保障制度的一体化改革,扩展农民群众医保报销范围、降低个人承担份额,最终实现城乡居民人人享有健康权利的国家战略规划,迈向以人民为中心的社会主义“共同健康”之路。For more than 70 years since the founding of New China,the country has been exploring ways to provide affordable,high-quality health carebetterfor the rural population,and after uninterrupted exploration from traditional to new cooperative medical care,a model of full coverage of farmers'medical care with Chinese socialist characteristics has been formed,and this continuous and uninterrupted cooperative medical care has formed a unique experience of governance change in new China,and it is a fundamental guarantee for the formation of the"Chinese miracle"of national development.Viewed through the long lens of historical change,China's cooperative medical care has gone through a practical trajectory from"collective welfare","individual consumption"and"people's livelihood services"to the equalization of basic public services.At all stages,efforts have been made to ensure that farmers can afford to see a doctor to the maximum extent possible under the contradictory movement of real needs and resource constraints.In order to ensure,that farmers have access to medical care and have no fear of illnessat a higher level,,it is necessary in the future to continue to vigorously promote the integrated reform of the basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents,to expand the scope of reimbursement for farmers and to reduce the share of the burden borne by individuals,so as to ultimately realize the national strategic plan for the enjoyment of the right to health by all urban and rural residents,and to advance towards a people-oriented socialist"common health care"system.

关 键 词：农村合作医疗 基本公共服务 共同健康 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]