“临时社会”如何可能——《萨哈林岛》的民族志品质  

How Is a"Temporary Society"Possible:The Ethnographic Qualities of Sakhalin

作　　者：卢成仁 LU Cheng-ren

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院人类学与民族学系,厦门361005

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第3期185-201,239,共18页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(20720231007)。

摘　　要：随着对民族志写作认识的不断拓展,人类学界逐渐将契诃夫视为同行,但对于《萨哈林岛》又有着相互矛盾的认知和理解。《萨哈林岛》是契诃夫思想由个人性的伦理道德解释转变为结构性的社会改良(或革命)期待背景下完成的调查和写作。流放犯们被动组织起来的“临时社会”之临时性,层层贯通了萨哈林岛的生计、劳动、身份、婚姻家庭、村落生活等方方面面,并与生活分配制相互促生、相互适应。不过,“临时社会”之所以生成,是由不负责官僚等级制和法律的悬置共同制造出来的,是人的无意义感与社会的制度体系相互构造的产物。以“临时社会”为核心线索,可以重新阐释《萨哈林岛》所提供的系统行为资料,重新审视和理解《萨哈林岛》的民族志知识品质和价值,补充文学研究所忽略的面向,呈现早期民族志写作丰富、多元的实践样态。With the continuous expansion of the understanding of ethnographic writing,the anthropological academic circle has gradually regarded Chekhov as a peer,but there are contradictory cognition and understanding of Sakhalin.The Sakhalin is an investigation and writing under the background of Chekhov's thought changing from an individual ethical and moral explanation to a structural expectation of social reform(or revolution).The temporary nature of the"temporary society"passively organized by the exiles permeated all aspects of Sakhalin's livelihood,labor,marriage,family,village life,etc.,and mutually promoted and adapted to the distribution system of life.However,the"provisional society"is created by the combination of the suspension of bureaucratic hierarchies and laws that are not responsible for them.Taking"temporary society"as the core clue,we can reinterpret the systematic behavior data provided by Sakhalin,re-examine and understand the ethnographic knowledge quality and value of Sakhalin,and present the rich and diversified practice pattern of early ethnographic writing.

关 键 词：契诃夫 萨哈林岛(库页岛) 民族志 临时性 官僚制 

分 类 号：I512.06[文学—其他各国文学]