黑龙江方言清入字的归派及其与北京话的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Characters with Entering Tone of the Qing Dynasty in Heilongjiang Dialect and the Beijing Dialect

作　　者：梁晓玲[1] 李晓鑫 LIANG Xiao-ling;LI Xiao-xin

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学文学院,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第3期224-233,240,共11页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16BYY047)。

摘　　要：入声的变化是中古汉语到现代汉语声调演变的重要表现之一,入声字的归调也是汉语方言分区的重要标准之一,因此,入声字的归派是各地方言研究不可回避的一个问题,在东北官话研究中尤为重要。东北官话入声字尤其是清入字的归调问题至今还没有深入系统的研究,东北官话清入字的归派与北京话清入字归派的异同,也是学界长期关注而一直悬而未解的问题。以黑龙江方言为个案,系统考察清入字在黑龙江方言中的具体归派情况结果显示,东北官话清入字归派与北京话清入字归派的差别不能以派入字数多少为比较标准,而应该以两种方言各调类差别字的数量与总数量之比作为比较标准。从这个角度来看,两种方言清入字归派差别最大的是阳平,其次才是上声。黑龙江方言与北京话上声、去声两调归派的差别,主要因为明代江淮官话的迁入扰乱了北京话派入上声的进程而产生了二次归派,在二次归派中,部分北京话受江淮官话影响派入去声,而在黑龙江方言中仍然保留上声;阴平、阳平两调的差别,一部分也与此事件有关,表现为北京话中一些读阴平、阳平的字,黑龙江方言中读上声或去声,保留更早的层次。另外,阴平、阳平的差别也与两种方言与河北等方言的不同接触有关。两种方言清入字归派比较的结果支持东北官话源于幽燕方言的观点。The change of characters with entering tone is one of the important manifestations of the evolution of Chinese tone from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese,and the tonal induction of characters with entering tone is also one of the important criteria for the division of Chinese dialects.Therefore,it is an unavoidable problem in the study of classification of characters with entering tone,especially in the study of Northeast Mandarin.Up to now,there has been no in-depth and systematic study on the question of the characters with entering tone of Northeast Mandarin,especially the tonal induction of characters in Qing Dynasty.The similarities and differences between the classification of characters with entering tone of Northeast Mandarin and Beijing dialect is also an unsolved problem which has been concerned by academic circles for a long time.Taking Heilongjiang dialect as the representative,this study systematically examines the classification of characters with entering tone of Qing Dynasty characters in Heilongjiang dialects and its comparison with that of Beijing Qing Dynasty.In the past,it was believed that the biggest difference between the characters with entering tone in Northeast Mandarin and the Beijing dialect was that there were more classified as Shangsheng(the falling-rising tone)than Beijing dialect.In fact,the difference between the two dialects is Yangping(the rising tone),followed by Shangsheng.The difference between the classification of characters with entering tone of Northeast dialect and Beijing dialect is mainly due to the fact that the migration of Jianghuai mandarin in Ming Dynasty.It disturbed the process of turning characters with entering tone in Beijing dialect into Shangsheng and came into being a second turning.In the second turning,part of Beijing dialect was influenced by Jianghuai mandarin turned into Qusheng(the falling one),but still retained the Shangsheng in Heilongjiang dialect.Part of the difference between the Yinping(high and level tone)and Yangping is also related to the

关 键 词：清入字 黑龙江方言 北京话 声调归派 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]