价值、分类与治理:一种自下而上的治理观念  

Values,Classification and Governance:A Bottom-up Conception of Governance

作　　者：张乾友[1] Zhang Qian-you

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《理论与改革》2024年第3期96-106,159,160,共13页Theory and Reform

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“国家治理中的非预期结果及其应对研究”(23AZZ013)。

摘　　要：治理是一个自上而下的过程,也包含自下而上的根源。从自下而上的视角出发,每一个人都是一个价值主体,希望通过自己的价值创造行为来寻找自己在社会中的位置。在这个过程中,他们发现,自己的社会位置只能通过社会的分类体系而得到定位,于是,个体性的价值创造行为就转化成了群体性的分类斗争。分类斗争是社会中自发的秩序建构行为,它需要得到国家的确认,而治理的过程就表现为国家通过对分类体系的制度调整来回应作为价值主体的人们所发起的分类斗争的过程,其结果则是将作为价值主体的人们变成了分类权力的客体。这样一种关于治理的理解让我们既得以正视人作为价值主体的存在,又得以发现作为价值主体的人变成权力客体的不可避免性。Governance is a top-down process that also has bottom-up roots.From a bottom-up perspective,every individual is a value subject who wants to find his place in society through his value-creating behavior.In the process,they find that their social position can only be located through the social classification system,so that the individual value-creating behavior is transformed into a group classification struggle.The struggle for classification is a spontaneous order-constructing behavior in society that needs to be recognized by the state,and the process of governance is manifested in the process of the state responding to the struggle for classification initiated by the people as the subject of value through the institutional adjustment of the system of classification,with the result that the people as the subject of value are transformed into the objects of the power of classification.Such an understanding of governance allows us both to confront the existence of human beings as subjects of value and to discover the inevitability of the transformation of human beings as subjects of value into objects of power.

关 键 词：价值主体 权力客体 分类权力 分类斗争 治理 

分 类 号：D532[政治法律—政治学]