新型冠状病毒不同变异株感染者关键流行病学指标及临床特征分析  

Analysis of key epidemiological indicators and clinical features of different variants of SARS-CoV-2

作　　者：陈秀芝 吴家兵[1] 宋丹丹[1] 侯赛[1] 肖永康[1] 储娜 李明 储修杰 魏鸿园 朱标 马婉婉[1] 祝茜 孙袁芳 冯玉杰 聂爽 毕念念 朱梦 李青[1] 龚磊[1] CHEN Xiuzhi;WU Jiabing;SONG Dandan;HOU Sai;XIAO Yongkang;CHU Na;LI Ming;CHU Xiujie;WEI Hongyuan;ZHU Biao;MA Wanwan;ZHU Qian;SUN Yuanfang;FENG Yujie;NIE Shuang;BI Niannian;ZHU Meng;LI Qing;GONG Lei(Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《安徽预防医学杂志》2024年第2期103-107,共5页Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2022年安徽省新冠病毒科研应急攻关项目(2022e07020071)。

摘　　要：目的 分析新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)不同变异株感染者流行病学主要指标和临床表现差异,为新冠病毒感染疫情的防控提供参考依据。方法 收集2020-2022年安徽省新冠病毒感染者的人口学、流行病学、临床表现及实验室检测等资料,使用SPSS 21.0对不同变异株感染者的流行病学和临床特征进行统计分析。结果 共纳入2 416例新冠病毒感染者,其中原始株感染990例、B.1.1.317进化分支感染22例、Delta感染12例、Omicron感染1 392例。新冠病毒不同变异株感染者病例分类、临床分型和Ct值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),发热是不同变异株感染首发症状中的主要临床特征。不同变异株感染的潜伏期分别为:原始株9.0(5.0,11.0)d,B.1.1.317变异株8.0(4.0,12.0)d,Delta变异株3.5(3.0,9.0)d,Omicron变异株3.0(1.8,5.6)d,差异具有统计学意义(H=42.448,P<0.001)。原始株感染者的中位代间距为6.0 d,Omicron感染者为3.0 d。结论 Omicron变异株传染性强,更易引起隐匿传播。Objective To analyze the epidemiological indicators and clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)with different variants,and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2.Methods The data on social demographic characteristics,epidemiological characteristics,clinical manifestations,and laboratory tests of COVID-19 cases in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2022 were collected.SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients infected with different variants.Results A total of 2416 cases of COVID-19 were in-cluded,including 990 cases of original strain infection,22 cases of B.1.1.317 evolutionary branch infection,12 cases of Delta infection,and 1392 cases of Omicron infection.The differences in case classification,clinical type,and Ct value a-mong different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were statistically significant(P<O.001),and fever was the main clinical feature of the first symptoms of infection among different variants.Moreover,the incubation periods of different strains were 9.0(5.0,11.0)days for the original strain,8.0(4.0,12.0)days for B.1.1.317,3.5(3.0,9.0)days for Delta,and 3.0(1.8,5.6)days for Omicron,and the differences were statistically significant(H=42.448,P<0.001).The median generational inter-val was 6.O days in the original strain and 3.O days in the Omicron variant.Conclusion The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is more infectious than other strains,and is more likely to result in hidden transmission.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 变异株 潜伏期 代间距 续发率 临床症状 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]