山东省某区2018-2022年城市饮用水氯化消毒副产物的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of disinfection by-products in urban drinking water of a district,Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：孙煜 邢月梅 张静 张利泉 SUN Yu;XING Yuemei;ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Liquan(Penglai Distict Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai 265600,Shandong,China;Fushan Distict Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai 265500,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]蓬莱区疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台265600 [2]福山区疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《安徽预防医学杂志》2024年第2期129-133,共5页Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2023年烟台市科技创新发展计划(2023YD078)。

摘　　要：目的 了解山东省某区城市饮用水中消毒副产物含量,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 2018-2022年分别在枯水期及丰水期采集山东省某区城市饮用水水样共90份,按照GB/T 5750.10-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法消毒副产物指标》进行检测;按照GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价,并采用美国环保署推荐的健康风险模型进行风险评价。结果 2018-2022年山东省某区城市饮用水中消毒副产物合格率为76.67%,超标指标为三卤甲烷和三氯乙醛,超标率分别为23.33%和4.44%;消毒副产物中除氯化氰、二氯甲烷、2,4,6-三氯酚未检出外,其他指标均有不同程度的检出;丰水期三卤甲烷、三氯甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷含量均高于枯水期(P<0.05);出厂水与末梢水消毒副产物含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);某区城市饮用水消毒副产物致癌风险均在1.0×10^(-6)~1.0×10^(-4)范围内,部分监测点一氯二溴甲烷和二氯乙酸致癌风险>1.0×10-4;各消毒副产物的非致癌风险均<1.0。结论 山东省某区城市饮用水消毒副产物非致癌风险在可接受范围内,而致癌健康风险应高度重视,尤其一氯二溴甲烷和二氯乙酸是重点风险管理指标。Objective To understand the content of disinfection by-products in urban drinking water of a district,Shandong Province,and to evaluate their health risk.Methods From 2018 to 2022,a total of 90 water samples of urban drinking wa-ter were collected from a district of Shandong Province during dry and abundant water periods,respectively.Disinfection by-products were tested according to GB/T 5750.10-2006 Standard examination method for drinking water-Disinfection by-products parameters.Evaluate in GB 5749-2006 Standards for drinleing water guality the health risk model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used for risk evaluation.Results The qualified rate of disinfection byprod-ucts was 76.67%in a district of Shandong Province from 2018 to 2022.The exceeding indicators were trihalomethanes and trichloroacetaldehyde,with exceeding rates of 23.33%and 4.44%,respectively.Except for cyanogen chloride,methylene chloride and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol,which were not detected,all other disinfection by-product indicators were detected to va-rying degrees.The contents of trihalomethane,trichloromethane and bromodichloromethane were higher in the abundant wa-ter period than those in the dry water period(P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the contents of disinfection by-products between the effluent water and the final water(P>0.05).The carcinogenic risk of by-products of drinking wa-ter disinfection in this area is in the range of 1.0×10^-(6)-1.0×10^-(4).The carcinogenic risk of chlorodibromomethane and di-chloroacetic acid at individual monitoring sites was>1.O×10^-(4).The non-carcinogenic risk of each disinfection by-product was<1.0.Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk of disinfection by-products of urban drinking water in a district of Shan-dong Province is within the acceptable range.However,the carcinogenic risk should be given high priority,especially dichlo-rodibromomethane and dichloroacetic acid are the key risk management indicators.

关 键 词：城市饮用水 消毒副产物 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R123.6[医药卫生—环境卫生学]