变曲率旋转壳体承载能力分析与几何构型设计  

Analysis of bearing capacity and geometric configuration design for variable curvature shells

作　　者：付晓 梅志远[1] 张二[1] 白雪飞[1] FU Xiao;MEI Zhiyuan;ZHANG Er;BAI Xuefei(College of Naval Architecture&Ocean Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学舰船与海洋学院,湖北武汉430033

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期97-104,共8页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52201388);湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2021CFB259)。

摘　　要：针对圆柱形壳体承载效率的局限性问题,提出了变曲率壳体的设计思路.基于薄膜理论和无矩理论,推导了非闭合母线的旋转壳应力与屈曲载荷计算公式.以广义等强度壳理论作为评价耐压壳体承载能力的重要指标,对不同构型旋转壳的应力与屈曲载荷进行了理论预报,探讨了壳体承载的最优构型.最后基于增材制造技术制备了圆柱壳与变曲率壳模型,设计静压试验验证壳体构型与力学性能的影响规律.结果表明:变曲率壳体具有明显的承载优势,两个主方向应力的比值低于圆柱壳,屈曲载荷高于圆柱壳;改变壳体几何构型对其承载能力有一定影响,当r0/rn确定时影响不明显,综合考虑加工精度及初始缺陷等因素,壳体使用圆弧构型效果较好;提出的理论公式在应力预报方面具有较高准确性,在预报屈曲载荷过程中,由于壳体承载进入了非线性阶段,不可避免地导致了误差,应使用非线性方法进行修正.Cylindrical pressure hulls are widely used in deep-sea submersibles,but they are affected by limitations imposed by their mechanical characteristics.To improve the bearing capacity of pressure hulls,in this work,variable-curvature shells were proposed.Based on the membrane theory and the non-momental theory,expressions for calculating the stress and buckling load of variablecurvature shells were derived.The generalized equal-strength shell theory was taken as an important index to evaluate the bearing capacity of pressure hulls.Pressure hulls with different geometric configurations were analyzed.The optimal configuration was discussed.Finally,cylindrical and circular variable-curvature shells were fabricated via additive manufacturing.Furthermore,a comparative experiment was carried out to verify the mechanical characteristics.The results reveal that variable-curvature shells have better mechanical properties than cylindrical shells,which results in a lower stress in the two main directions and a higher buckling load.Additionally,changing the configuration of the shell has a certain impact on its bearing capacity.However,if the r0/rn is determined,the impact will be not obvious.Considering the factors such as machining accuracy and initial imperfection,the shell should be used with circle configuration.The expressions for calculating the stress in this study are found to be highly accurate.When predicting buckling load,because the loading process has entered the nonlinear stage,it inevitably leads to errors,which should be corrected using nonlinear methods.

关 键 词：旋转壳体 变曲率 等强度 应力 稳定性 增材制造 

分 类 号：U663.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]