2019―2022年贵州省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies in the outpatient department of dog injury of Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：慕欣 吴安忠 贺金 李亚情 曾怡 杨雅愉 MU Xin;WU Anzhong;HE Jin;LI Yaqing;ZENG Yi;YANG Yayu(不详;Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang,Guizhou 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550000 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2024年第1期77-81,共5页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2021-397)。

摘　　要：目的了解2019―2022年贵州省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征,为优化卫生医疗资源配置、制定科学预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法收集贵州省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊2019—2022年狂犬病暴露人群接诊信息,采用描述性流行病学方法,对暴露就诊人群特征、暴露分级、伤人动物、伤口处置、疫苗接种等指标进行分析。结果2019―2022年贵州省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊狂犬病暴露就诊人数为24116例,7―8月份为就诊高峰期。暴露人群男女性别比为1∶1.18,14岁以上年龄者居多,其他职业(非农民、学生、散居儿童)人群占比最高,为65.43%(15780/24116)。伤人动物主要为猫致伤,暴露程度Ⅲ级比例最高,占总暴露数的54.46%(13134/24116)。暴露就诊人群中暴露伤口自行处理者占90.57%(21841/24116);去医院处理占9.41%(2270/24116);未处理的占0.02%(5/24116)。就诊人群中暴露至接种时间在24h内的占85.80%(20692/24116);在1~3d占10.50%(2531/24116);在3 d以上占3.70%(893/24116)。暴露就诊人群均全部接种狂犬病疫苗,但联合使用狂犬病被动免疫制剂注射人数为2098例,占应注射人数的15.97%(2098/13134)。结论贵州省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊接诊的狂犬病暴露人群以14岁以上的人群为主,主要为猫致伤,具有伤口处理和暴露接种意识的人群占比高。应强化狂犬病健康教育,提升规范化狂犬病门诊建设质量,制定规范的、有针对性的暴露前后处置策略,从而降低狂犬病发病率。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of individuals exposed to rabies at the outpatient department of dog injury of Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),and to provide reference data for optimizing the allocation of healthcare resources and formulating scientifically-based prevention and control measures.Methods Data on individuals seeking treatment for population exposed to rabies at the outpatient department of dog injury of Guizhou CDC from 2019 to 2022 were collected and summarized.The descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the exposed population,exposure grading,animal sources of injury,wound management,and vaccination.Results From 2019 to 2022,a total of 24116 cases sought treatment for rabies exposure at the outpatient department of dog injury of Guizhou CDC,with a peak in visits from July to August.The male-to-female ratio of exposed population was 1∶1.18,and the majority of cases were individuals aged 14 and above.Among the occupational groups,non-farmers,students,and children living at home accounted for the highest proportion of 65.43%(15780/24116).Cats were the primary source of injuries,with exposure gradeⅢbeing the most common,representing 54.46%(13134/24116)of the total exposures.Among those seeking treatment,90.57%(21841/24116)handled the exposed wounds themselves,9.41%(2270/24116)went to the hospital for treatment,and 0.02%(5/24116)did not receive any treatment.Of the individuals seeking treatment,85.80%(20692/24116)received vaccination within 24 hours,10.50%(2531/24116)within 1—3 days,and 3.70%(893/24116)over 3 days.All individuals seeking treatment received rabies vaccinations,but 2098 cases(15.97%of 13134)also received passive immunization with rabies immune globulin.Conclusions In the population seeking treatment for rabies exposure at the outpatient department of dog injury of Guizhou CDC,cat bites are the primary causes of injuries,and individuals aged 14 and above constituted the majority.A high propor

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行病学 人群监测 犬伤门诊 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学]