浙江省温州市2013-2022年鼠疫宿主动物及媒介蚤类监测分析  

An analysis of surveillance data on plague host animals and vector fleas in Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,2013-2022

作　　者：李江峰[1] 陈帅 LI Jiang-feng;CHEN Shuai(Institute for Disinfection&Vector Control,Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325001,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市疾病预防控制中心消毒与病媒生物防制所,浙江温州325001

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第2期177-181,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的分析浙江省温州市鼠疫宿主动物及媒介种群数据,了解其动态变化趋势,为鼠疫防控工作提供数据支撑。方法收集整理温州市2013-2022年鼠疫监测数据,采用描述流行病学方法分析鼠疫宿主动物及媒介的分布特征。组间率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行多组间蚤指数分布比较,蚤指数的变化趋势采用Mann-Kendall时间趋势检验,染蚤率和小型哺乳动物捕获率的时间变化趋势采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验。结果2013-2022年温州市共捕获3目4科11属15种37851只小型哺乳动物,总捕获率为9.44%,以臭鼩(48.98%)、褐家鼠(29.03%)和黄胸鼠(9.32%)为优势种。2013-2022年臭鼩捕获率呈上升趋势(Z=-27.408,P<0.001),褐家鼠和黄胸鼠捕获率均呈下降趋势(均P<0.001)。共梳检小型哺乳动物17144只,染蚤动物629只,染蚤率为3.67%,检获蚤1962匹,蚤指数为0.11。不同小型哺乳动物染蚤率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=875.254,P<0.001)。共剖检动物33761只,均未分离到鼠疫耶尔森菌,检测36958份血清,结果均为阴性。结论温州市动物间鼠疫疫情处于静息期,但存在鼠疫流行的风险,仍需进一步加强鼠疫监测,做好应急准备工作。Objective To analyze the changes in plague host animals and vector populations in Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,so as to provide data support for plague prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of plague hosts and vectors based on the surveillance data in Wenzhou from 2013 to 2022.The rates between groups were compared using the Chi-square test.The flea index distribution between groups was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H test.The temporal trend of the flea index was determined using the Mann-Kendall trend test.The temporal trends of the flea infestation rate and small mammals capture rate were determined using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.Results From 2013 to 2022,a total of 37851 small mammals were captured in Wenzhou,belonging to 15 species,11 genera,4 families,and 3 orders.The overall capture rate was 9.44%.Suncus murinus(48.98%),Rattus norvegicus(29.03%),and R.tanezumi(9.32%)were the dominant species.From 2013 to 2022,the capture rate of S.murinus showed an upward trend(Z=-27.408,P<0.001),while the capture rates of R.norvegicus and R.tanezumi showed a downward trend(both P<0.001).A total of 17144 small mammals were combed,and fleas were detected in 629 small mammals(3.67%).The total number of fleas collected was 1962,and the flea index was 0.11.The flea infestation rate between different small mammals was significantly different(χ^(2)=875.254,P<0.001).A total of 33761 animals were dissected,and no Yersinia pestis was detected and all negative for a total of 36958 serum samples.Conclusions Epizootic plague in Wenzhou is at a resting state,but the risk of plague spread remains existing.It is necessary to further strengthen plague surveillance and emergency preparedness and response.

关 键 词：鼠疫 监测 宿主动物 媒介蚤 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R384.3[医药卫生—临床医学]