从传统走向生态:生产者产品责任生态化  

From tradition to ecologization:transformation of the producer's product liability

作　　者：黄辉[1] 沈长礼 HUANG Hui;SHEN Changli(Law School,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou Fujian 350116,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福建福州350116

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第4期187-196,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“生物资源管控与生态安全规制研究”(批准号:20&ZD093)。

摘　　要：传统生产者产品责任生态化是因应生态社会发展需要和法律生态化趋势的必然结果。传统生产者产品责任在责任理念、责任目的和责任内容上被局限于国家、个体和社会利益保护,既难为预防性和现实性生态责任承担提供依据,又难为生态利益损害救济提供保障,难以适应生态社会发展需要。然而,随着生态社会持续发展,生态文明建设不断推进,不仅生态利益保护的现实需要增强,产品责任理念生态化、产品责任目标生态化和产品法律理论生态化也使传统生产者产品责任生态化之正当性和必要性凸显。与此同时,生态法律责任理论、产品政策生态化和法律生态化也为传统生产者产品责任生态化提供了可行性保障。有鉴于此,实体法应从产品责任理念、产品责任目的和产品责任内容上促进传统生产者产品责任生态化,将绿色、循环、低碳的生态责任理念、责任目的和责任内容贯穿生产者产品的全生命周期,内化为生产者产品在设计、生产、销售和废旧产品回收等环节的行为自觉,构建传统责任与生态责任互补、协同和沟通的整体责任体系。程序法则应沿用公私二元分离的救济模式,既可发挥现有制度之功能与效率,又能避免因公私益交织案件对现有司法机关、司法制度和司法人员要求过高而导致的预防失效和救济失灵。当然,为防止生产者产品责任泛化,传统生产者产品责任生态化并非无限度地生态化,而应是在恪守“必要性”的基础上,既不妨碍传统产品责任功能之实现,又不突破传统生产者产品责任追究在时间、空间与事实等客观条件上的限制和规定。The ecologization of traditional producer's product liability is an inevitable result of the requirement of developing an eco⁃logical society and the ecologization trend of the law.The traditional producer's product liability is limited to the protection of national,individual,and social interests in terms of its concept,purpose,and content.Therefore,it is hard for this liability to provide a basis for the assumption of preventive and actual ecological duties,to provide a guarantee for the relief effort of ecological interest damages,and to meet the requirement of developing an ecological society.However,with the development of an ecological society and the promotion of ecological civilization,not only have the realistic needs of ecological interest protection been strengthened,but the ecologization of the concept,theory,and purpose of product liability has also highlighted the legitimacy and necessity of the ecologization of traditional producer's product liability.Meanwhile,the theory of ecological legal liability,the ecologization of product policies,and the ecologiza⁃tion of law also provide a guarantee for the feasibility of the ecologization of traditional producer's product liability.Thus,the ecologiza⁃tion of traditional producer's product liability should be promoted from the perspectives of the concept,purpose,and content of product liability in substantive law.The concept,purpose,and content of the‘green,recycled,low-carbon’concept of ecological liability should be incorporated throughout the entire lifecycle of producers'products and internalized by producers as behavioral consciousness in product design,production,sales,and waste product recycling.A holistic liability system should be established so that traditional lia⁃bility and ecological liability can complement,collaborate,and communicate with each other.In procedural law,the relief model of sep⁃arating public and private interests should continue to be used so that the function and efficiency of the existing system can be exerted

关 键 词：生态化 法律生态化 责任生态化 生态法律责任 生产者产品责任 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]